Troedyrhiw...Where Fabricators of Lies are Taken to Task

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2010-05-21T01:39:00.211-04:00

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All stories listed....HERE

Quote of the decade
"Because of the American skepticism about Islamist goals, I postponed publishing an article on this subject until immediately after 9/11, when I expected receptivity to the subject would be greater..Daniel Pipes Front Page Magazine..(it was published in November 2001as “The Danger Within...Militant Islam in America”). HERE..If for some rational'e the ragazine is asking for registration etc...go to Daniel's site as he is at least honest Here with himself. ..Good for him.
If for some reason it gets "unplugged" let Troedyrhiw(Troy-der-rue) know.

and HERE for Troedyrhiw's reply To D.P

Fox News...Spying in the US of A ?....The Cameron
Reports-Video Double click video to go directly to the
Youtube site(smaller image)

Part 1

Part 2

Part 3

Part 4

CNN and Paula Zahn(Cohen) and
911

Did you ever wonder why Paula Zahn(Cohen) left CNN
so suddenly..Was it the finding out of her husbands indiscretions or
was it this programme that she and her Producer decided to air..As
expected Christopher Bollyn is here up front and centre but only for
a moment..The rest of the piece is of four Jewish people crying over
911... For an insight into how smearing tactics and hate will
exercise itself in the future please go Here

BACK

All Posts

Main Page
Bush and Blair trial with the Lord Justice Himself
The British 60's Invasion.. Videos:The Moody Blues-The Searchers-The Hollies and more.
Essiac v Prosiac..The Essenes versus The Pro's..The Good v The Bad
Reply to William Saletan's Race-Genes-Intelligence
Bush-Blair Trial-2nd Sessions(in camera)
British Union Jack carries no Welsh Emblem..
Michael Hoffman..and that loving feeling..Righteous-but Misplaced
When outnumbered
Long Boats

The History of Money
Saddam's letter to the American People
Special Pics

Troedyrhiw...Who or What is it

Doug Herman ..A Resume of deceit... Mockery versus the Truth
Circulation of the Nimmo-Madsen Syndrome-NMS(Not My Schtick)
Last day in the life of Princess Diana..by Gordon Thomas
Polls-show-American-people-dumber-than Bush
Ambrose Evans-Pritchard...A 2009 Financial prediction
Ron Paul's Interview With Charles Davis and Video with Lee Rogers(the Browns and the IRS)
Response to Prof Daniel McGowan's 'What Does Holocaust Denial 'Really Mean'
Ancient Kings of Britain Part1
Ancient Kings of Britain Part2
Alan Wilson and King Arthur(1st & 2nd) and the Britons
Shadows and Cliff
So this is Judeo-Christianity...Was Jesus a "Jew" or Judean
The Ultimate Tergiversatism..TUT-tut (beating around the Bush)
Constant Amended War Rhetoric
Letter to David Lindorff at Counterpunch.Org
BBC-Where Holocaust denial is Welcomed
Can you Answer these 911 Questions...Can you??
The Welsh and the Monkey on their Back
Saddam has a Dream...What should we Do?...A Pythonic Conference
INTERESTING VIDEOS

Crucifixion of jews must stop

and Now for Something Much More of Significance and Importance..this Video

Football in the Historical Sense...Really
Strike one to Mahmood Ahmadi-Najad... Iranis Letter to Mr Bush
The Hate of Daniel Pipes turns Full Circle
Joe Vialls..Who Will Now Follow This Man Of Eutectic Steel
A Quick Look At The Welsh
GematriaMathematics--The Science Code That Provided Leonardo from "Da Vinci" the Inspiration
For once, George Bush is Absolutely Correct..I say not as Yet'??
Greg Szymanski asks.."Is This The Last Memorial Day..et al"?
Letter to William Safire.....Stop telling lies Already
Something To Cry About

Ph.D's out of their Depth..and will not Admit it.
Rebuttal of Wayne Madsen's Hyperbolic Iran Affair
Paul Craig Roberts and William Clark..WHAT a Difference in Understanding
Larry David..Disgrace to the Race..Mist-er Pisser
Wash.Post's...Steven Pearlstein..."Can 'Old' Europe Preserve Its Prosperity"
King Caradoc(Caractacus) and the Cymry
Scottish Herald's Neil Mackay doing a Thomas-No doubt About it.
A Reply To Greg Palast On George Galloway
Freedoms and Rights -Canada..USA..UN..Britain

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Links to the Heavies

Note!...

Some links may be temporary suspended until such
time as that trust/truth is re-established

Assessment Date ..23rd June 2010

BMW...Blackett-Matthews-Wilson.*****

Welshman..Alan Wilson

See Videos Here

Baram Blackett

Tim Matthews

The Arthurian Conspiracy Trailer... an hour long full video.

Here (listen)

Here

WRH...Mike Riverio****-

Anti-War...Justin Raimondo***--

Rense.com...Jeff Rense****-

Propaganda Matrix***--

BBC News???*???-You tell me

Moscow Times***--

London Times***--

Drudge Report*--Transferred to Parent site.Long way to go

New York Times**---..Beginning to outdo National Enquirer

New Scientist***--

Google Video***--

Google News*----..Mis-fit anagram for Reuters and Associated Press

Youtube****-??..Could be the Messiah in disguise or the Devil in drag..

Back to the Top ??

The Bush--Blair Trial.. and the Lord Justice himself.

2008-11-20T12:48:00.124-05:00

Original date:-October 2004}

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http://www.troedyrhiw-greenmeadow.blogspot.com/
Ps...Apologise for website presentation..Could be Hackers or blogspot ???... many stories are missing apparently

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Lord Justice.
Jesus C..Ph.D..AMI Mech E..P Eng..M.D..Torah Scholar(Grade 5).
Why only Grade 5...See Here

Prosecution and Investigative Committee.
Matthew.. CFR....Council For Religions.
Timothy Sebastian.. once BBC's HardTalk devils advocate...and rottweiler breeder.

Witnesses for the Prosecution.(if called)
M.Gibson...with original tapes,
John Paul II (on loan).With hard copy transcripts.
C.Powell ... with nothing but a disingenuous look on face.
Yasser Arafat...Special appearance and looking healthy.
Bibles ... Old and New Testaments..(no BabylonianTalmud).
Vlad Putin ... The heart and soul of Mr Bush's worst dilemma.But its all in the eyes apparently.

Jacques Chirac...Tony Blair's straight man and court jester.
O.bin Laden ....Scrolls in hand,steps outside his Qumran cave complex Israel....CCTV supplied by G.Tenet Enter Prizes
Ms Valerie Plame and Mr Joseph Wilson..in dark glasses and portfolios under arms.

Charged with crimes against Humanity.
A.Sharon..G.W.Bush ..D.Rumsfeld...C Rice....A.Blair ..R.Cheney..ADL's Abe Foxman.. and Jack(Sandy) Shaw.(aka..the singer)

Charged with aiding and abetting Torture..Murder and Crimes against Humanity.US Media....Print...Visual...Audio.
Congressional Communist Cabala (CCC)......Wolfowitz-Rhode-Rove-Feith-Ledeen-Perle -Pipes-Bolton-Abrams-Zakheim-Luti-Maloof-Negropante-Frum-Chertoff-Woolsey-Libby-Kissinger and Madonna ...with a bunch of Brits yet to be formally indicted.

John.Ashcroft..with recently amended Southern Bibles in both hands sitting alone, looking for Bare Naked Ladies on the Basilica walls (Talmud in back pocket)..

New World Orderlies and protagonists -P.Robertson -W.Graham Jr - Jack Van Impe - J Falwell ... And others not in good standing in THE BIG BLACK BOOK

Note!...'President' Saddam Hussein is being tried on another circuit...by Mr.Mohammed(peace be with him)...see Al Geezer's live telecast from Babylon ... 'The Hanging Gardens'..RIP...(Back)

Coverage... British Broadcasting Corporation.
Colour Commentators and guests of Jesus.....David Frost and Peter Mansbridge(CBC)...with honorary Main Stream Internet Architects and Truthsayers...Messrs...Jeff Rense-Joe Vialls-Justin Raimondo-St Clair-Alex Cockburn-the Watsons-Alex Jones(??)-Truthout-John Pilger.Mike Rivero and many more stalwarts of truth and democracy.

Venue..St Peters..The Basilica ..Rome.
Time..9.11 am....25th December 2005.

Security...G.Tenet Investigative Enter-Prizes and Fred the security man from Wal-mart .

Proceedings starts.
Matthew..(with big black book in hand).
"Please do not RISE when the Lord Justice enters..To reciprocate is not necessary,or to late for some.....We will conduct these proceedings with dignity,respect and truth....Mr. Foxman please put away that Talmudic dictionary.. Thankyou ".

Jesus.. (enters the Basilica Conferencing room looking up and admiring the ceiling)."Thank you Matthew my friend for breaking the ice for me.. I find it most difficult to believe that all our efforts and pain may have been for naught.. However, I see in this room, some goodness in all that stand before me,even if they themselves do not....I have been informed by go(o)d sources that these proceedings will last six days,the seventh will be judgement day...I bring greetings and blessings from all that have tread this worldly earth in past years and they ask that you may remember them, their faces and their families.....I would like firstly to question the accused religious order before me .....
Mr. Roberts!,Can you tell the people present(and BBC viewers) as to why you and your 50 million...dare I say it, "Christian following" find the need to disrespect the righteous thinking of those that think that Commercialised Religion is a wrong...and is a personal decision left between them and the very same father of who we all belong."

Robertson..(Knuckles absolutely white with fear).
"Sir,I...your honour,Rabbi..your highness,I..your Lordship...I am shocked and in awe of your presence.I have..I have...I will...?(sits down with head in hands) "

Rumsfeld..(jumps up).
"Bloody Plagiarism...Get your foot out of your mouth Roberto and tell the truth..Foxman!,I'll burn that bloody dictionary of yours by the end of the day if I see that thing again"

Matthew( also interrupts).
"Mr Rumsfeld...please be seated..You should know that the Lord Justice knows that you know that he knows you know what he knows you know...so please sit down until such time as the Lord calls you" (Rummy goes quite pale hearing the last few words)...
Well then.....You Mr Falwell..Can you explain why you would tell the media that the best thing for all of them was to purge the Muslim people from the surface of the earth..Why would a "Christian" advocate such inhumane measures..Did you not know that the Lord Justice daily plays poker and ping pong with Mr Mohammed.(peace be with him)"

Falwell (with Israeli contracts still sticking out of top pocket).
"No we didn't my Lord....It was his idea(pointing to Karl Rove)...He promised us that smearing would be accepted in your daddies Kingdom my Lord and we could be your Real Estate agents when you came back to visit us here on Earth...It was even subjected to a dem..demo..democ democratic vote sir(Bush looks puzzled) and only one abstained sir .(looking at Ashcroft)."

Jesus (seeing for the very first time the really meaning of chutzpa and naivete)
"Make a tree good and its fruit will be good,make a tree bad and its fruit will be bad, for a tree is recognized by its fruit...Can you remember that one Matthew in the good old days .(Foxman shaking his head ,trying to confirm Jesus's quote from the Talmud)
Okay Matthew, I think Messrs. Roberts and Falwell are a little overawed by the proceedings so I would ask Mr Sebastian to take the lead here...Your platform Timothy ..I think I have said that before somewhere too"

Sebastian (with rottweiler grin on face)
Thank you Jesus...Question to Bush and Blair..Why did you find it necessary to go back to the book of biblical thinking and call yourself born again Christians(sorry mul-Lord) and think that the Ten Commandments were some form of quasi/nazi pre-emptive military strike laws..How did you sleep at night when Iraqi,Afghanistani and Palestinian children were being torn to pieces by your idea of retribution and revenge...Why did you lie to the whole world very openly so that these people die horrible deaths...Why are you now stacking new lies upon old ...WHY WHY ???..Listen here Mr Bush to this 10 year old English boy of Irish/Scot parents 'Declan Galbraith'(now 17 years old) as he is also asking the very same question..Can you Blair..Cheney.. Rumsfeld..Rice..and Shaw answer his question'........Jesus is very much impressed by Sebastian's 'stoned'-face question here..He knows exactly the weight of questioning old tablets can be..Old Mo' the mountaineer told him

Tell Me Why

In my dream,children sing
A song of love for every boy and girl
The sky is blue and fields are green:
And laughter is the language of the world
Then i wake and all i see
Is a world full of people in need
Chorus:
Tell me why(why) does it have to be like this?
Tell me why (why) is there something i have missed?
Tell me why (why) cos i don't understand
When so many need somebody
We don't give a helping hand Tell me why?
Everyday i ask myself
What will i have to do to be a man?
Do i have to stand and fight
To prove to everybody who i am?
Is that what my life is for
To waste in a world full of war?

chorus:
tell me why? tell me why?
tell me why? tell me why?
just tell me why, why, why?
chorus:
chorus chant:
Tell me why ..why,why,does the tiger run
Tell me why..why why do we shoot the gun
Tell me why..why,why do we never learn
Can someone tell us why we let the forest burn?
why,why do we say we care
Tell me why..why,why do we stand and stare
Tell me why..why,why do the dolphins cry
Can some one tell us why we let the ocean die?
why..why if we're all the same
Tell me why..why,why do we pass the blame
Tell me why..why,why does it never end
Can some one tell us why we cannot just be friends?
Why,why

(The Mass Media hides their faces in their hands..Madonna's thinking how can she get her hands on this kid..Putin tears up..Falwell and Ashcroft thinks one of the Angels has falling from the ceiling..and Sharon thinks he REALLY is dead and in heaven why..why.)

(Sebastion continues).."While you're pondering these problems without the aide of your embattled leaky neoconvicts.... why blame others for your criminal rabid delinquency..
Furthermore Mr Bush,the mind must filter logic prior to the surge of neuronic instruction to the tongue,else ..Let me remind you (quotes Bush)..'Free nations are peaceful nations..Free nations don't attack each other..Free nations don't develope weapons of mass destruction.'.(end quote) .As the leader of over 290 million people, a 'roving' statement as such is detrimental to the sanity of us all.You have demonstrated without ambiguity to all, that indeed the American people are not free...You said it Mr Bush..not I......A statement like that could not have been any more ridiculous if your script-man(leaky Rove) had thrown all the syllables and punctuation into the air and copied the final result."

Bush (with smearing sneer on face..taught by the method man Karl Rove )
"Moving video Timothy..very moving..I would like to correct you Mr Prophet as

Continue with the reading here..

being on a one to one relationship basis with the Lord Justice's daddy(Jesus shields face with hand), I have it on good authority that if you go to Church every other Sunday and watch the Jack Van Impe hour,that automatically qualifies you as a Chrisssss (word will not come out of mouth).....I find your question regarding little children being torn to pieces somewhat exaggerated and lacking in faith...Faith in the US of A's engineering capabilities and accuracy of our intelligence and fine weapons...available to all Dictators and /or Heads of State that may be having trouble with their citizens.
Now as far as the lies are concern..If you read Floyd(he means Freud) and Strauss(great musician George thinks)and a couple of recent Rummies booklets on 'How the mind preserves the lie'(he means perceives the lie...or does he??),you may be surprised to learn Mr Prophet that once a lie is embedded, as we say in the media ops room(sniggers then casually adjusts implant), it stays there until another similiar lie replaces it..Its got its own little room so to speak(Condi nods in agreement..Putin shades eyes with hand..)
From that Mr Prophet sir, we ennaddverently(sic)been able to establish that by bombarding so to speak, the empty brain,(stops abruptly,stares into space..Rove coughs loudly)...Uuh..

we can even feed in true facts but the brain will not have sufficient time to tinguish(sic) the lie from the truth...So I put it to you Mr Prophet,are we feeding them lies or telling them the truth"...(Rumsfeld applauds loudly and Cheney whacks him in the ear with his latest cheque from Haliburton..it hurt)

To infor on Saddam's Trial

Sebastian (stone faced)
"Mr Bush,I am not a Prophet..I work for the BBC.....Normally, whenever I interview people, I always play the 'devil's advocate'....I find it quite chilling and yet exhilarating speaking to the advocator himself....I respectfully suggest that you finish the children's book that you were reading on 11th September Mr Bush, before investigating the Straussian Principles of Systemic Sinners and Their Profit Motives.
Thank you Mr Bush...Now Mr Blair,you once said that Mr Saddam Hussein exterminated over 400,000 of his own people and buried them in mass graves.... You also sa...."

Top of Page

Jesus (admirably showing no signs of bias)
"Mr Foxman,if I hear that word 'chickenfeed' or 'smallfry' again I will have Mr Tenet escort you to the 'chambers' (Foxman smiles knowingly)..Thank you Mr Foxman....Proceed Timothy."

Sebastian (throws notes onto floor)
"Thank you My Lord.....Mr Blair,you also said that Saddam gassed his own people,yet the CIA disavows having said or even hinted to this,knowing that it was not the mustard gas that Rumsfeld gave to Saddam that killed the Kurds.....but the phosgene gas filled artillery shells Mr Bush's daddy gave to Iran...Moreover,not to dis-similiar to that which Winston Churchill dropped on the very same people during WW1(George falls off bench)....Now coming back to the 400,000,apparently there seems to be one hell..excuse me My Lord.. of a discrepancy on what has been identified and itemised so far and that which have been trumpeted by the SAME 'excellent sources' that informed you and Mr Bush about Yellowcake,Ricen,all that bio-stuff not forgetting WMD,robot planes,chem trucks with supplied footage and photographs.... and of course, the Al Quaeda link...Do you deny saying that these 'facts' were indisputable

Blair (starting to crack already)
"It was George's fault..I told him what Scott Ritter and a whole bunch of ex-CIA blokes,the Internet and other professionals were saying..But he was so hooked on the Robertson's idea that the Lord Justice would call in to see us if we listened to Sharon's delinquent disciples..Rove-Rice-Cheney-Rumsfeld-Feith-Pipes-Black-Frum-Bolton-Perle-Wolf-and-witch and the rest of the ragtrade...But he wouldn't listen to me (Thinks..I can't lie here..cos HE is here..yikes).. You can't blame me for all that stuff that George's daddy was throwing around the world at discounted and disgusting prices..It wasn't my fault...It wasn't my fault...It wasn't my fault...It wasn't my fault".(Colin Powell hands Tony a glass of water)...It was your bloody fault Colin with all that satellite and military porn and bullshi....(looks at the Lord ..and stops abruptly..Jesus smiles as a sign of hope.)"

Jesus (still smiling).
"John Paul...Do you have a sense that our ultimate adversary is present and attempting to highjack these proceedings"

John Paul (another wonderful smile).

"He is indeed in our presence My Lord... and in many forms..I think Mr Gibson and Matthew would attest to that My Lord.."

Jesus (looking picture perfect).
"Mr Gibson...Excellent movie mate... and as JP said "It is as it was"... I should
know and yes it did hurt........What do you think we should do to eliminate the presence of evil in this gathering"

Mel Gibson (questionably glaring toward the horde of accused and numerous fleeting dark shadows).
"Remove Ariel Sharon and Karl Christian Rove from the room My Lord ???"

Jesus (very sad look on face at the mention of Rove's full name).
"Ah yes..I hear what you are saying...Can any man in this courtroom come to the defense of these two men.....(absolute long silence)......Indeed, this brings back many many memories...Again, I ask for the voice of one man that can attest to the character of these men.... (the burning Bush comes forward)...Yes Mr Bush,do you believe everything these man did ,to be honourable and in the interest of whole mankind.....Please..."

Saddam's Trial-infor.

Bush (still with smearing sneer on face and now the manic snigger..also
taught by the leaky squeaky method man Karl Rove ). "Of course I do your honour(respect for Jesus slowly ebbing )..I trust those men..They are good men...They are decent men...They are honourable men...They got me back into office didn't they..Well them, Diebold and a couple of kindergarten fibs that I know your daddy ignores"

Jesus (now with first worried look on face).
"Sorry for that digression Timothy....carry on"

Sebastian (thinks..what power!! Jesus has).
"My pleasure my Lord...Mr Blair..you will notice that I have in my hand here, a letter..A letter provided by our Lord..at least mine..He picked it up this morning from Dr David Kelly's office and would be grateful if you would read it to the court"...(Tony faints..Tim smiles for first time..George is looking puzzled..Tenet grabs Tony's ankles and drags him out of the courtroom...assisted by Fred,the Wal-Mart security guy).

Jack Shaw (jumping to his feet).

"Its all a lie,its all a lie I tell you..I'm not taking the rap for that little dosie...We told him that Kelly was too sound in mind to bump himself off..His religion wouldn't permit it... Another new one My Lord,...But NO, Little Anthony thought that he knew all the amen corners ever since he came back from the US of A ... Walking around like a Roman Gladiator for a week he was.(Jesus is not amused)".

Abe Foxman (looking for an opportunity..any).

"I told you it had nothing to do with our Mossad didn't I..But No..nobody believes this guy do they.....At least no one outside of Congress".

Top of page

Jesus (Parental look on face).
My son...I believe you..I believe that everything you say,you believe..Now will you please refrain from waving that Talmudic Torture Text and take your seat and Timothy Sebastian will get to you in due time..You are upsetting John Paul and Mr Gibson...thankyou Mr Foxman...I just realised Abraham,you have an Arabic name...very interesting,very interesting indeed" (Foxman has convinced himself that Jesus is beginning to set him up for the big-drop)

Sebastian (Waiting for Tony to recover)
"Since you are now on your own feet and very much visible Mr Shaw,can you tell the court ANYTHING regarding John Scarlett and the memo he sent to Downing Street for Prime Minister Blair's attention regarding "full intelligence update", months before you killed all those little children in Iraq...What sought of intelligence was needed for you and old Rumsfeld to deliberately and callously rip the bodies apart of so many innocent people...Did you sleep that night."

Straw (looking undecidely at Rumsfeld).
"I never have trouble sleeping...We all knew that Bush,Cheney and Sharon had already filled in their personal dairies..But what could we do..The Pentagon was threatening not to send our quota of anti-bio medicines and the Mossad was breathing down our necks for they were tired and exhausted false-flagging everyone in God's Kingdom(Jesus smiles)and scheming their little black-op hearts out..They wanted results."

Sebastian (looking intensely at Sharon,Wolfowitz,Rove and Feith).
"All righttty then..Shaw you are accused (Jesus deepens his brow)..I mean excused...Mr Sharon to the stand please.
Mr Sharon,do you and Mr Bush have any idea what you are doing to the people of this world..Do you not think that you should talk to those that do not see everything your way...Do you not regard human life, beit Jew or Arab, both precious and equal...Did you not seek any truth and honesty in your escapades around God's little acre(Jesus smiles)..Do you not get upset and sad when you see little children blown to pieces or shot through their tiny heads ..or when Jewish and Muslim children are taught hate and vengeance in school at the tender age of five..Did you not have a guilty conscience when sending all those young Americans to do your dirty work..Does it not occur to you that the very people and countries that you so desperately want to destroy,Iraq and Iran...are the very same that provided you with your original ancestors Abraham and Moses..Well Mr Sharon".

Sharon (Looking like Gibson's 'Devils Shadow')
"No".

Jesus (sighs deeply).
"Mr Sharon..Sir....What can I say..There are very few people that your and my God refuses entry to..
God has a book..a black book..After these hearings, I can see him sending me down to Wal-Mart for another one..Why do you refuse to love others the way you love your grand-daughter..There is no better feeling..There is no difference..There is no excuse and there are many precedents.
I may have created anxiety and anguish with your and my ancestors.The message remains the same...If you see someone in need,then tend to them with all the human interest and compassion they want, for they will be there when you are feeling sick and maybe unwanted..You are no longer a young man Mr Sharon.....Furthermore Mr Sharon,I do not like shopping at Wal-Mart anyway."

Sharon (Glows with understanding).
"I hear what you are saying Jesus"...(Foxman bites on his Talmud..Arafat punches fist in air..Cheney winces..Falwell rips up Israeli contracts and Bush utters quietly 'That's my man up there').

Jesus (Showing strong sense of hope).
"Thankyou Mr Sharon..and may your and my,the very same God see you in better circumstances".

Sebastian (amazed at Jesus's sense of persuasion).
"Would Ms Rice take the stand please...Thankyou.
Ms Rice, are you not a very religious person..Do you not attend Mr Ashcroft morning Bible class..every morning....(Note the psychological ambiguity in Brit english)..Do you cross your fingers when you tell a lie,even a little one like being surprised, as was old Rumsfeld, when you said.. ' Who would think of using airliners as missiles to crash into buildings'..Furthermore, why did you call on the 10th September the Los Angeles Mayor.. Davis I think his name was ...not to fly on 911.
Why are so many so-called Christians(Jesus and Matthew beams)seemingly not following the biographical writings of the Lord Justice rulings...and what makes you think that you can wander around the world bribing and threatening those that do not believe that real Christianity is a sham..Sorry about that my Lord but that is precisely what Ms Rice has been doing these last three years...Well Rice.."

Condi Rice(very much looking like Gibson's devil in the cemetery )
"I don't think they dislike me..The people in Europe loved what I had to say..They even provided me with some new costumes and their makeovers and makeup are so trendy and modern..They were more civilised than I expected and much more attentive in what my husband..Oooops sorry, Mr Bush had to say..I even met with the Palestinian guy..what's his name...Abba ??
As far as the crashing planes are concerned,I was told that Saddam must have been
training those hijackers for years and Mr Powell confided that he thought that he was being used by Mr Sharon and my sugardaddy,I mean Mr Bush, to use his knowledge of geography to set-up the graphics for the invasion..He was very good wasn't he..Hope I am that good when the time comes to attack Ira--..I mean to attach a plan.
Regarding the Mayor..Well, it was he that called me on the 10th September and asked if he should fly..and I said no..NOT as you were insinuating and besides I don't tell deliberate lies if the occasion calls for it...".
(Powell smiles in amusement...Bush scrubs her off his till 2020AD list pending amdts 21/22 and Sebastian looks bemused yet fully understanding the confusion in her mind)

Jesus(Scratches head and thinks,haven't I seen this face before).
"Condoleezza....Ms Rice..my dear..We have been through our communication prayer records for "The Fellowship" for the past 1000 entries and it appears that you have not spoken(prayed) to anyone at all..not even Matthew here..No offense Mat...The last entry for The Fellowship was a one hour stint by a gentleman named "Hitler" on the 25th December 1944..Is Mr Hitler a friend of yours Ms. Rice.
Do you wish to rekindle the truth of your testimony and tell Mr Sebastian again, as to whether you really attended the Ashcroft Anarchists Hour at Mr Bush's home..the White House...We are after all attempting to find out the truth(Foxman looks in Talmud again), as to whether or not I was prematurely called back to a world that is lacking ,it appears, in intelligence, FREEDOM,love and humility and seemingly, again needing my ministry.".(P.Robertson..W.Graham Jr..Jack Van Impe and J Falwell all looking very very redundant,while Foxman braces himself,yet fearing the challenge).

Condi Rice (looking very dull in one of Mrs Bush's two-piece costumes..sharing of course)
"I find it quite disconcerting when my integrity is being challenged SIR..At first, it was not our intentions to call on you SIR.....Mr Rumsfeld knew that those drop-
outs had already contacted Mr Mohammed through the Indigo email system and we were depending on Indigo to inform us of such a move..Alas, they didn't... (Condi has forgotten that Jesus has a Ph.D in Mind Reading and Reverse Speech Therapy..however..Michael Moore moves in for a close-up shot,Gibson directing)...Sir,I 'lie' for no man,except my President sir..."

Jesus (Reads mind..smiles awkwardly and glances at Bush...and Laura in audience)
"Dear dear Lady.....Mr Ashcroft or Mr Tenet, at the rear of the courtroom here , MUST have told you and your colleges that Mr Mohammed and I share the very same
email address care-of-god@heaven.org.. I think that Mo.(peace be with him) would have mentioned it had The Fellowship, or as you say, Rumsfeld's 'dropouts' attempted to contact us..
Of course it may have landed up in the hate file..I mean Spam File..That be the case,it is automatically transferred to Old Nick's burning bin at sayanims-and-satan@heavencanwait.org.. (Bush wisps out address book)
Could it be that your friend Mr Hitler may have received your 'prayers' instead...Possibly by mistake?:(Jesus always ends on a positive and hopeful note)

Sebastian (smiling like a pit-bull).
"Thank you my Lord.. I will call on Ms Rice again if the occasion should ever again warrant it...I would like Mr Rumsfeld to take the stand..Thank you..
No Mr Rumsfeld you do not need to swear on the Bible..The author happens to be in front of you waiting for you to talk to him,you know"....(Rummy freezes ..paralyzed and rigid with fear).

Jesus (knows what Rummy knows... already).
"Timothy,are you sure that the OLD man is okay.Does he know where he is and whether knowing what he knows, past or present, could be detrimental to his health...I am somewhat SHOCKED at knowing that such old men still strive for knowledge in this the 21st century(AD of course)..Matthew get him a glass of water for I fear that he may also be in AWE of these proceedings"

Old Rumsfeld (finally coming to)

"Get-off me will you...I don't need any more help..I know when help is required..Knowing when to help and knowing if help is necessary is like knowing if the known could be the un-known or the known..so there..[Shuush..See here]
Now will someone get me the press question and answer list please..Lets get this show on the road...Where's the guy from Fox or CNN..... and I expect Myers is late again"

Sebastian (Finally he has Rummy in front of him)
"Donald..over here...over here...Thankyou Donald".

Old Rumsfeld (Looking at the new kid on the block)
"You will have to take your turn Limey..Where is that Fox guy gone..Okay, I know ,I know what is happening here..Where's Myers when you want to know something that is not known . Okay Mr Limey what do you want to know..be brief ".

Sebastian (looking at the sad figure he once admired)
"Mr Rumsfeld sir....What do you know..What do you know sir about the instruments of torture used on innocent prisoners and the bombing of innocent peoples of Iraq and lest we forget, the Afghani people,with ammunitions that are outlawed by all in this World that you take so much for granted."

Old Rumsfeld (fiddling with his notes and looking around for Myers)
" I can't see that question down here ..Are you sure you are on the right page Limey..(Myers is still not beside him) ..Okay,I know...Off the top of my head I would say that you are presuming these Iraqi drifters are innocent and yet they haven't had the chance to see a judge and a jury you know. And you Limey wants to leave them go..from Gitmo..ooh no mate.....Are you forgetting that we have already applied for the get out of jail free card and exception for one year on ALL Americans caught doing nasty little things to your 'innocent prisoners'..
that's an oxymoron if ever there was one mate...I don't need our Mr Rodriguez(sic) to tell me that I am right..I am always right,always right...never left..always right (Slow glance to the side, but Myers is still not beside him).......Those bombs were left overs and besides they don't always go off unless some stupid Iraqi touches them of course...When I know that we know what the truth holds we accept those knowns...I will knowingly accept nothing less than the truth Mr SABBATICAL,nothing less..Does that answer your questions..Can I go now Limey "

Sebastian (neck and ears red with anger,fermenting,yet composed..Then an opening appears)
"YOU CAN"T HANDLE THE TRUTH MR RUMSFELD" You would not recognise it if it bit you on the as*(Jesus coughs loudly just in time..Tim settles back down)....I think it was sometime in early 2002 that you said to the Press(with large "P" ..literally) that you were establishing a, (quote) 'Dis-Information Ministry'.. Then shortly afterward you indicated that it was all just a hoax...Which one was the lie Mr Rumsfall, as I am confident that Fox News(sic)..CNN..NY Times(throwing up) and Washington Post are STILL very confused....MR RUMSFALL."

Old Rumsfeld (squints eyes to remember..leans over microphone..Brain really in gear now)
"Are you sure that was me..Let me see now..I know,I know ...Actually.. MR SABBATICAL isn't it??..... I inadvertently(Bush writes word in his 'use on Mondays' entry dairy) mis-spoke at that crucial moment..I let the cat out of the bag so to speak..Recovery is the essence to survival my pappy used to say before my Aspartame took him away(Rummy is actually telling the truth about his pappy..Jesus confirms statement)...
If I remember correctly, I also mentioned something about and showed film of our exploding MOAB (mother of all bombs) which actually was still on the drawing board..
You cannot call them lies..Lies are used to hurt people.(Powell lowers head,Bush smiles and Cheney nods..but note that Rummy has already set-up his next killer sound bite )..So Mr Sabbatical, since we did not really have the bomb, how the hell can we hurt anyone..By empirical deductive analysis(Bush puts dairy back into pocket) how in hell's name can that be a lie".(Jesus thinks 'Old Nick' is in the room somewhere)

Jesus (realising this guy is good.. very good)
"Mr Rumsfeld,are you aware that you are attempting to re-write the book on truth..I also saw George Orwell's '1984' in 1964 on BBC and should warn you..No no, that is much to strong ..I will just say one word...'Plagiarism' Mr Rumsfeld.. plagiarism.. (Michael Ledeen goes white and flips out)..
Donald old chap,if your ever get to meet this 'Mr Hitler', I think he would be most annoyed at your Iraqi and WW2 comparison of his 'Werwolf' and your 'group of dead-enders' (Donald wonders how the hell ..no...how in heaven name does Jesus know this resistance organization from September 1944).....If you ever again get stuck for words Mr Rumsfeld,just give Matthew,Mark,Luke or John a call.I am sure they will steer you toward the 'Truth with Words'..my latest book from Bantam Publishing House next month..Cost is free to all Government officials and Politicians"(Foxman scoffs and caresses his Talmud)

Top of page

Jesus (now adjourning for the day..To be continued next week)
"My children..ALL OF YOU.....We have started on a long journey..The road is fraught with danger..We must all bare our own cross,for that is the nature of our World.. Whatsoever cometh from these trials and tribulations will be decided by the People of our Race(POOR)..the human race... with thanks of course to the advancements in your pop-up-phone-in telephone and satellite technologies.(Powell tries to hide his face and shame...bin Ladin scowls..Sharon tears up Chinese contracts...)
When you leave this courtroom tonight, I trust that, be you the people of God or those for whom God is always near..you will provide comfort and compassion for those that suffers the agonies of our errors and mistakes.For they are the ONLY reason why we are here today..May God go with you and guides your footsteps..
All Righttty then Matthew and Timothy. Where is this 'McDonalds' you guys are always talking about..Lets break some bread so to speak...I'm famished."

Meanwhile still inside the courtroom...
Wolfowitz-Rhode-Rove-Feith-Ledeen-Perle-Pipes-Bolton-Abrams-Zakheim-Luti-Maloof-Negropante-Frum-Chertoff-Woolsey-Libby-Kissinger and Madonna still all chained together(with the - sign) are being shipped back to their holding cells....in Gitmo...Now under the Command and Control of Putin's Poor People ....all with extremely long memories.

Sharon-Bush-Rumsfeld-Blair-Shaw all shuffle off to waiting plane bound for the Abu Ghraib Resort Iraq, Unaware as to the reception they will encounter..

Condi Rice is swooped off and transferred to the empty Martha Stewart's upper bunk cell..

Cheney is rushed off to the Veterans Hospital for Non-Servicemen in Germany with paramedics franticly trying to change the batteries on the fibulator..

Abe Foxman tries to melt in with the exiting crowd,but is apprehended and cuffed not once but twice...He is then slowly walked down the three flight of steps into the dark dungeons of the Basilica....He feels very comfortable.

Next weeks Proceedings will probably see
Foxman attempting to fight the good fight..without an attorney and getting annoyed at Gibson and Moore.

Cheney,if fit, will undoubtedly want to shed light on the bin Laden-Hussein-Al Quaeda connection and attempt to Justice-fly his fishing expedition with the American Constitution.

Putin illustrating how it is impossible to know someone by just looking into their eyes..Also waving warrants of arrest at Sharon for Yukos escapees.

Karl Rove and Michael Ledeen finding out how spin and smear has the tendency to go full circle...Karl is stumped by Sebastian on the question of integrity, honour and truthfulness..Foxman fears the same question will be thrown his way and cannot research his Talmud..no lights in Basilica basement.

Powell goes bananas recalling Tenet's innuendoes and constant prodding and Fred the guy from Wal-mart becomes Head of Security...Colin confesses he put Condi up to the 2008 Dual Presidency..after reading an 'article' about the Roman Emps MARCUS AURELIUS and LUCIUS VERUS(both known as Antoninus).

Maybe vertically and equally splitting the US down through the centre of Crawford, McLennan County, Texas and calling themselves "Stata Secretarius"..Who knows..Rummy maybe?
Coliconducus the Conquerer

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And much to come

Troedyrhiw

Furthering the Monty Pythonic School of Education and Discussion.. Bringing drollery relief and satire to those that need a little smile or relaxation and not necessarily salvation after a hard days work..

The British 60's Invasion..The Moody Blues..The Searchers..The Hollies..The Beatles..The Animals..and more..

2008-11-19T00:42:00.131-05:00

Drag pointer slowly OVER images for maximum effectiveness(with Left Hand Mouse buttom down))...
Please read this 'little rant' before taking in the videos below
Potential concern with ANY sound or video viewing currently on the Net..

What one is witnessing/experiencing is the deliberate injection of off-key/simulated sound and video bytes by disloyal..unpatriotic..faithless. .sour little morons that subvert those that have shown to be better at what they do than we the "ungifted" listening public..
For those that are new to video playback,you will see that some programme screens have dual or more "buttons"..Hit the menu buttons(below) and you will see that the screen offers you three additional choices
1..The URL of the video so that you can look at the video anytime you like
2..The Code for embedding the video directly into you Website page
3..A panoramic view of OTHER videos recorded by the artist that you can play within the same video box as your current choice..A few do not carry the conveniance..Some videos are 40 years apart..the artist singing the very same tune..You decide if they deserved their fame and fortune..

It is No 3 that irritates..Lets call it video/sound 'plagiarism'..better still..."Video And Sound Assassination ("VASA")..You heard it here first folks and befittingly,VASA means "A tube in which a body fluid circulates"...:-)
The writer has the ORIGINAL recordings of ALL the "panoramics" in the first three main featured videos(below)..The scumbags have literally decimated the sound particularly..(some videos)

One favourite female singer is a lady by the name of Streisand.. "Barbara Streisand"...They have annihilated one particular video that is still sung by kids and their grandfathers to this very day..They Provide the Powers to Be the very rationale to further censor or extinguish all pleasurable moments on the Internet.. .Scumbags. .weasels..lowlifes..sons of female dogs..
Of course,with the Businessmen's Ethical Acuteness and penetrating intelligence toward "bottom-line" scrutiny,one must not negate the thought of a 'false flag'

Remember..If you watch the video through, then there is a "copy" of it on your computer in the "cache" file that 'normally' resides on your 'C'drive in a folder called 'Temporary Internet Files'(3-10Meg)..Just rename and save it and ensure you have the correct player(FLV Player for below..see download notation below)
Well enjoy the music:_))

Troedyrhiw

Moody Blues..Nights In White Satin
Lyrics

Nights in White Satin, never reaching the end.
Letters I've written, never meaning to send.
Beauty I'd always missed, with these eyes before.
Just what the truth is, I can't say anymore.
Cause I love you, yes I love you, oh, how I love you

Gazing at people, some hand in hand.
Just what I'm going through, they can't understand.
Some try to tell me, thoughts they cannot defend.
Just what you want to be you will be in the end.
And I love you, yes I love you Oh, how I love you, oh, how I love you.
Nights in white satin, never reaching the end.
Letters I've written, never meaning to send.
Beauty I've always missed, with these eyes before.

Just what the truth is, I can't say anymore.
Cause I love you, yes I love you Oh, how I love you.
oh, how I love you.
Cause I love you, yes I love you Oh, how I love you, oh, how I love you"

{Epilogue, spoken..Alas..not with this video}

"Breathe deep the gathering gloom
Watch lights fade from every room
Bedsetter people look back and lament
Another day's useless energy's spent
Impassioned lovers wrestle as one
Lonely man cries for love and has none
New mother picks up and suckles her son
Senior citizens wish they were young
Cold-hearted orb that rules the night
Removes the colors from our sight
Red is grey and yellow white
But we decide which is right
And which is an illusion"

The Searchers ... Needle and Pins

Lyrics "
I saw her today, I saw her face
It was the face I loved and I knew.
I had to run away and get down on my knees and pray.
That they'd go away But still they begin.
Needles and pins Because of all my pride
The tears I gotta hide

Hey, I thought I was smart.
I wanted her Didn't think I'd do.
but now I see She's worse to him than me.
Let her go ahead, take his love instead.
And one day she will see Just how to say please.
And get down on her knees Yeah.
that's how it begins

She'll feel those needles and pins.
a-hurtin her, a-hurtin her.
Why can't I stop and tell myself.
I'm wrong, I'm wrong, so wrong.
Why can't I stand up and tell myself I'm strong.
Because I saw her today, I saw her face.
It was the face I loved.
and I knew I had to run away.
and get down on my knees and pray.
That they'd go away. ]
But still they begin Needles and pins.
Because of all my pride The tears I gotta hide.
Ah, Needles and pins Needles and pins Needles and pins..."

Continue with the reading here..

The Hollies...He's My Brother
Lyrics

The road is long With many a winding turn.
That leads us to who knows where Who knows where.
But I'm strong Strong enough to carry him .
He ain't heavy, he's my brother.
So on we go His welfare is of my concern.

He's Ain't Heavy He's My Brother"

.

No burden is he to bear.
We'll get there

For I know He would not encumber me.
He ain't heavy, he's my brother.

If I'm laden at all I'm laden with sadness.
That everyone's heart Isn't filled with the gladness.
Of love for one another.

It's a long, long road From which there is no return.
While we're on the way to there, why not share?
And the long doesn't way me down at all
He ain't heavy - he's my brother
He's my brother - he ain't heavy - he's my brother

The Searchers and the Hollies ..compare.. for you need not chose.
This is what I was referring to when the scum bums plays around with their video progs.
This group(The Seachers) rivalled The Beatles...then suddenly...whoosh... gone..However they are STILL around today..but not the exact original group...47 years later, they are still Good.

Jerry and the Pacemakers.."Never Walk Alone"

Sir Thomas Woodward(Tom Jones).."I believe"..
Fellow Welshman..I bet him "five quid" 49 years ago that his voice would break by the time he reaches 30..I lose..but still haven't paid out yet..Hope he don't ask for the compounded interest on that 49 years..He sang in my dad's pub occasionally on Friday nights(dance night)..and without a microphone...After about 6 pints he starts rounding his word phrasing a little :-)..My Gran and her friends in the "Over 80's Club"(then) just loved him...No,the underwear throwing didn't start then :-)..My dad had to open the two doors in the singing room..Tom's voice was/is that powerful..to this day..God Bless you Thomas.
Tom Jones

Engleburt Humperdinck and Tom Jones

Marmalade(from Scotland)

Troedyrhiw

Ancient Kings of Britain PART 1

2008-11-18T21:26:00.100-05:00

Important
Move pointer(LH button down) slowly OVER images for maximum effectiveness...Agendums may be codified for black-op pre-emptiveness..:-)..These pages carry "hidden messages"..When the pointer moves over an image it shows the hidden message which Mozilla does not do(blame W3C)...so there is an "add-on" for Firefox,Netscape 7 and Mozilla alternate image..Please go Here to download the open source add-on..It only takes a second and its well worth it

Ancient Kings of Britain...PART 1
September 12, 2009, 06:08:32 PM
See Here

Roman Army in Britain.

by Alan Hassell

©opyright all rights reserved 1/2/2004 ©

Linkage..Images and image commententary...by Troedyrhiw

There is nothing more frustrating than picking up any historical book about Britain and reading nothing more than Roman crap and bullshit. When it comes to British history some have a great failing in as much as nothing happened before the Romans arrived. No one really lived here according to some historians and academics except a few tribes called Celts.

The thing is when it comes to British History, producer of a popular archaeological program knows absolutely nothing about British History or the Kings that Ruled the country long before the Romans came.Why is it that whenever they are on one of these digs and they come across an old church they automatically assumes that it is either Roman or Anglo Saxon?

On Sunday January the 25th 2004 they aired a program digging up skeletons.
Anglo Saxon women were noted as being small yet they came across a woman who at first they believed to be 6 foot tall and buried with a shield and a dagger.
Automatically they assume she was an Anglo Saxon, not even considering that she could have been British and was maybe part of the Boadacea rebellion. Did they do forensic tests on the actual bones they found? Maybe they didn’t even do a carbon 14 test to find out the age of the bones.I very much doubt it.

I cant say for sure myself, but Boadacea did poison herself or used an adder to strike the final blow after being defeated by the Romans in her last battle that almost destroyed the entire Roman army in Britain

Whist Boadacea and her followers might not have had the discipline and training of the Roman Army she was to become known as the first female freedom fighter.
The fact is no one has ever found her grave. The so called scientists don’t even know themselves without doing carbon 14 tests on the bones and taking DNA samples and testing them whether the body was British or Anglo Saxon.

Why oh why do they always jump to conclusions on wild assumptions without positive proof?

The way old Baldrick (Tony Robinson) carries on one would think he is the worlds leading authority on BULLDUST because that’s how it all comes across to me and as long as they are making money Who gives a toss anyway.
Although the production crew do attempt to project the digs they do honestly, when it comes to anything pre-roman they result to guesswork, which is not factual and in fact very damaging.

We are presented with the simple question as to why a two thousand year recorded history has been so pointedly ignored by modern scholars. Why is it that the history of Britain is an entirely blank page before the year 55 BC in any conventional modern history book when such an easily accessible and informative record is at hand?

Could it have anything to do with the fact that the Britons traced their ancestry in these pre-Christian records back to patriarchs that are known to us from the Genesis record but of whom the Britons should have known nothing in their pre-Christian culture if what the modernists have always told us was true?

Why is it that they fail to recognize the true Britain’s who lived here long before the Romans arrived were in fact practicing Christians that had there own churches and places of worship? They know that the British were here and were practicing Christianity, but will never admit it, why? They also are well aware that St. Augustine wasn’t the first person to start Christianity in Britain and Europe in AD 600.

CLICK TO ENLARGE

Lets, go back in time a little and see if this makes sense the way it should be.
We know that Jesus was crucified on the cross. Mel Gibson, spent much of his own money creating a film about the last hours of Jesus. He goes onto show the brutality of how the Romans in their lust for blood put Jesus through excruciating pain and suffering before finally nailing him to the cross.
Continue Reading Here...
The Roman's in fact were a bunch of cruel tyrants, they put unarmed Christians into an arena to be eaten alive by lions. This spectacle was watched by the thousands that had gathered there to witness the brutality...Joseph claimed the body of Christ, seven hours later when he was presumed and declared dead.

The Roman’s let Joseph have the body for burial and then according to legend he buried his body in a cave..Three days after that the body of Jesus had disappeared into thin air.
Or had it? Maybe just maybe he wasn’t dead but badly injured and on the verge of dying when taken down from the cross. Then he was whisked away together with some of his disciples and followers and secreted to Britain of all places.

Now Joseph was none other than Joseph of Arimathea, a very rich merchant who dealt in metals amongst other things. He could bribe people to keep their mouths shut about certain things and Jesus and his companions out of the country would have been a difficult but not impossible task
Fortunately, Joseph had a really good ally on his side, one who had a lot of power and who was sympathetic towards him and his cause. This person was none other than King Caradoc, who’s daughter or wife Eurgain had attended one of the sermons Jesus gave.
Eurgaine daughter of Caradoc told her father of the wondrous things Jesus spoke about and was so impressed that she persuaded her father to give him and his follower’s shelter in a safe haven, Britain.

One of the very first churches is the famous Llandaff Cathedral situated in Wales. There are many others there too, like the Cor Emrys St. Peters church on Caer Caradoc in Wales. Glastonbury, was not the location of one of the first churches in Somerset. The true Glastonbury, is situated in the midlands owing to misunderstandings and misinterpretations of the old records. A more detailed account of this can be found in,The Holy Kingdom

Once they arrived in Britain, they immediately started to build churches and places of worship and so Christianity was born in Britain. This was over 500 years before St. Augustine had even thought about starting religion in Britain.
It is believed that the changeover to Christianity was compulsory and so was attendance to a church. So the stories perpetuated by the Anglo Saxons and their so called starting Christianity into Britain is a load of hogwash, bulldust and lies, the same lies and frogspawn that Time Team would like us all to believe when they make unsubstantiated claims about church ruins discovered on their so called digs.

Nennius tells us quite plainly that Christianity was introduced into Britain in AD 35 – 36. Why can’t that be accepted by these so-called academics? Do they not read Nennius or the Triads or is it beyond their comprehension. Yet here we have Academics, so called educated individuals denying that Christianity existed long before the Roman’s arrived. And you might wonder what they are teaching your children, that you are paying a high price for their education.

If you were a student? Would you want your child to be taught the truth or a pack of lies and bullshit? Well; that’s what they are being taught now, believe it or not. And if Tony Blair has anything to do with it students will be thousands of pounds in debt by the time they graduate and start paying the debt owed to the British Government for their so called Bullshit education.

Now, let us move on, We have all heard stories about Vortigren inviting the Anglo Saxon’s over to Britain to act as mercenaries to fight the pict’s and Scots who were causing problems north of the border.
Hengist and Horsa were granted lands by King Vortigren against the wishes of his fellow Britain’s. Once the fighting was over Vortigren had no need for the Anglo Saxons and war broke out. Eventually, there was a peace conference to be held. It was agreed by both parties that no weapons would be taken to the gathering. The Britain’s observed this like fools and went unarmed to their doom, for the despicable Saxons hid their long knives in their boots and once much ale had been drunk, on a given word the Saxons used the knives to kill 386 British Nobles who were present at the Peace conference. This event became known as the night of the long swords and was told to every new generation in Wales, where the incident occurred. ''Brad y Cyllyll Hirion'' ..."The Treachery of the Long Swords/Knives"]

There is a monument there, which has been allowed to go into ruin to hide this infamous event.
Did I say monument, hmmmm, sorry that monument happens to be an ordnance survey marker dumped directly over the burial mound by the Welsh Authorities in an attempt to hide and destroy one of Britain’s most infamous deeds perpetrated by the Anglo Saxons. To my way of thinking it offended someone in authority with English blood running through his veins that he felt insulted by the reminder and decided to eliminate it by desecration and
destruction. One thing the authorities cannot do is erase the memory of such an event and never will.

Vortigren only escaped with his life because he had married Rowena the daughter of Hengist although he was offered for ransom first. When this was refused they set him free. One person managed to escape and when Emrys Wledig (Ambrosias Aurelianus) learnt about the treachery he immediately returned from Brittany and gathered an army together and went in pursuit of Hengist and Horsa. Hengist was caught and killed; his brother Horsa and the rest of his band of butchers were spared and given land in Scotland.

When I went through school myself, I was taught that Caesar was the first Roman to conquer Britain such was the knowledge of my teachers. Teachers are only passing on the same old crap today, as they were when I was educated. Fortunately, I was taught to read and write and find out things for myself and make my own decisions about certain things.

If the truth were really known about Caesar, far from being the conquering hero that many considered him to be both his attempts in AD 55 and AD 54 to gain a stronghold in Britain were in fact miserable failures and total disasters.

Caesar had just conquered Gaul after a campaign that lasted about two years. Having achieved that quite successfully he then set his sites on Britain. Caesar was well aware of the mineral wealth of Britain in the form of metals such as tin, lead, copper, silver and gold. Then there was the produce which he considered to be worthy of adding to the Roman Empire’s wealth.

Alan Wilson told me that according to Welsh histories there was an exchange of letters between Caesar and the British King Cassivellaunus (leader of the Catevellauni) otherwise known as Caswallon who was a brother to King Llud. King Llud was the high king of the north Thames area of Britain. Caesar demanded that Caswallon submit Britain to Roman rule and also pay a tribute to prevent the spilling of blood.

Caswallon replied to Caesars letter stating that he was astonished by the Avarice of the Romans to even attempt to take Britain by force and should they be invaded the British would put up a fight till the death. Or words to that effect.

Caesar was under the impression the Britain’s knew nothing of war and the production of weapons and would be easy subjects to subdue. Caesar with the victory over the Gaul’s under his belt was eager for another great victory to impress the Senate once he returned to Rome.

Although, the British Kings often fought amongst themselves over territorial disputes when it came to battles with intruders such as Julius Caesar these tribes would unite and join forces exactly the same as they did during the Boadacea rebellion.

The main reason for this is because they all had one thing in common, their original birth right and heritage. They all originated from the same area and were known as the Kymry.
Once the kings or leaders of the various tribes were gathered to discuss how they would handle the situation they would elect a Pendragon or leader who would lead them into battle. The person selected was Cassivellaunus (Casswallon). King Arthur many years later would follow Caswallon’s example and do exactly the same by joining forces with other kings from their own kingdoms to stop the Anglo Saxons in several battles.

Caesar had sent one of his trusted officers, Caius Volusenus to scout the shoreline of Briton. He returned to Portus Itius (Boulogne) after five days of reconnoitering and then guided the Legions across the Channel to their landing sight.

So it appears that Caesar arrived off the south coast of Britain in ships with as many as 12,000 men in his army.
Caesars ships came unstuck with either the shallow water or low tides because he was unable top get his ships close to shore to unload his men. With his ships grounded, the Britons on horseback were able to pick off the Romans game enough to enter the water. Finally a standard bearer took the plunge and the legionnaires followed. Caesar is believed to have lost many men fighting his way off the beaches.

What Caesar hadn’t counted on was the fact that Caswallon was not only familiar with the modern tactics of Legionary warfare but had something the Roman’s never expected to see Chariots and Caswallon's guerrilla style of hit and run warfare.

The fighting that took place on the beaches was such that Caesar had to return to his ships twice and the spillage of blood on both sides was such that it stained the gray sea giving it a purple look.

Caesar writes, In chariot fighting the Britons begin by driving all over the field hurling javelins, and generally inspired by the horses and the noise of the wheels are sufficient to thrown their opponents ranks in disorder. Then after making their way between the squadrons of their own cavalry, they jump down from their chariots and engage on foot. In the meantime their charioteer retire a short distance from the battle and place the chariots in such position that their masters, if hard pressed by numbers, have every means to retreat to their own lines.

Why cant these so called historians and film researchers with all this information staring them in the face put two and two together are they incapable of thinking?

The British always favored hills and high places in which they preferred to do battle. Whilst it would be no effort for a horse to gallop up a hill at full speed, the roman foot soldier or infantry would find it hard going. One can imagine, guerrilla type attacks from hills hitting the rear and flanks of Caesars columns, throwing them into total disarray and reducing the Roman numbers considerably.

Once they broke off the engagement the Roman’s would follow then up the steep inclines exhausting themselves in the process. Once they reached a certain level Caswallon’s men watching and resting from the top of the hill would charge forward together with the chariots to further confuse the Romans, throwing them into retreat for fear the chariots would inflict serious injury to them.

Caesar was totally unprepared for this type of warfare and he glossed over events. He also lied about the way the Briton’s dressed comparing them to the Gaul’s who he described as being naked and painting their bodies in woad.
When it comes to matters regarding Caesar, it is far more reliable to turn to Strabo the Greek geographer who writes:

“He came not clad in skins like a Seythian, but with a bow in his hand, a quiver hanging on his shoulders, a plaid wrapped about his body, a gilded belt encircling his loins, and trousers reaching from the waist down to the soles of his feet. He was easy in his address; agreeable in his conversation; active in his dispatch, and secret in the management of great affairs; quick in judging of present accuracies; and ready to take part in any sudden emergency: provident
withal in guarding against futurity: diligent in the quest for wisdom: fond of friendship: trusting little to fortune, yet having the entire confidence of others, and trusted with everything for his prudence. He spoke Greek with a fluency, that you would have thought he had been bred up in the Lyceum, and conversed all his life in the Academy of Athens. "

Strabo, it appears gives a far more honest description of the British not only in their fashion of dress but also of their intelligence and prudence in all matters. Caesar had far more to lose than his credibility if the real truth about events were to be known in Rome.

Important
REMINDER...Move pointer slowly OVER images for maximum effectiveness...Agendums may be codified for black-op pre-emptiveness..:-)..

Caswallon’s youngest brother, Nennius (Nynnyaw), fought hand to hand with Julius Caesar on the invasion of Britain in the year 55 BC. The Romans had been trying to set up camp in the Thames estuary when the Britons fell upon Caesar’s 10th Legion by surprise and attacked them. During the battle in which hand-to-hand fighting took place Caesar thrust his sword into the shield of Nennius who had attacked them and was unable to extract it. This was because some shields were made of numerous layers of hide that when stretched tight a weapon such as a sword might be able to penetrate it but extraction would prove to be very difficult.

Although other soldiers forced Nennius away from Caesar, he did manage to capture the emperor's sword. Nennius although wounded in the conflict managed to escape together with Caesar's sword but he died of his wounds fifteen days later and was buried beside the northern entrance to Trinovantum (modern Bishops gate in London?); some say that he was buried where the Tower of London now stands or Bryn Gwyn.Thus they combine the mobility of cavalry with the staying power of infantry: and by daily training and practice they attain such proficiency that even on a steep incline they are able to control the horses at full gallop, and to check and turn them at a moment. They can run along the chariot pole, stand on the yoke, and get back in the chariot as quick as lightning.

This tells us a lot about what Caswallon and the early Briton’s were capable of with their chariots. It also tells us the early Briton’s were able to throw Caesars well-trained infantry into complete and utter disarray once they bought the chariots into use. It must also be remembered, that many of those chariots had iron swords or other devices attached to the hub of the wheels.

Not only would the wheels inflict serious injuries to anyone hapless enough to come into contact with the wheels or swords but it would have had a terrifying effect on Caesars army once a few charges had been made between Caesars ranks. Not only were they confronting with a horse galloping at full speed but they also had to contend with getting out of the way of the weapons on the wheels or face serious injury if not death.

It is very strange that although mention is made in many documented accounts that British chariots did use such devices to inflict damage on the invaders, when they made the film about Boadacea, the producers of the film failed to show them in the film although they were shown and used in the film Ben Hur with the fantastic chariot race scenes.
Sounds like double standards were being used here to show the Briton’s in a poor light. The actual chariot replica made and used in the film is now on display at the British Museum.

It would also be wasteful to send out a chariot driven by one man with a solitary spear to throw at the enemy. Two maybe three people would have been on a chariot one or two archers and the driver. One only needs to look at murals from ancient Syria in the British Museum to realize that this is how they fought in battle with such weapons. This sword was considered a great trophy, and was paraded before large crowds and put on show for all to see in London after Caesars departure. If you look closely at the Coat of Arms of the City of London in the top left hand quadrant of the shield, Caesars sword is still there for all to see and is still being used as a form of insignia as it has right through the centuries.

The sword remained in Britain for many years, at one stage it was even thought to have been “Excalibur” the sword that King Arthur used. Eventually, it mysteriously disappeared never to be seen again.
There are numerous stories about the sword and one of them suggests that Constantine took possession of the sword and it was never seen again.
There were two kings who might have caused its loss. The first could have been King John who is supposed to have lost his whole treasure wagon in the notorious wash at King’s Lynn.

The Second could have been the Parliamentarians who sold off King Charles the First treasures to whoever was willing to pay the price after his execution. Much of his treasure was purchased by France and maybe still there. However, the sword recently turned up in America of all places. How it got there I’m not sure and not prepared to hazard a guess.

Alan Wilson and Baram Blackett have seen the sword in person. It was made with words built into it, which state,” whoever holds this sword commands the army.” Or words to that effect.
Apart from the shield part of the city of London’s coat of arms on the full coat of arms there are other more mysterious things that few people know about. For example situated either side of the shield are two dragons representing the associations with Pendragon and King Arthur.

Directly above the shield we see King Arthur’s helmet, the cross in the middle of the shield is what is referred today as the cross of St. George. Even this is misunderstood for this is not the cross that Arthur is documented as having carried in some of his major battles and also when he donated land to Llandaff Charters?

As the Romans advanced, farmers would move their cattle further away from the Roman forces and drove them into the forests where they couldn’t be seen. Caesars, supply lines at the rear were constantly being attacked depriving
Caesar and his men of much needed food and essential supplies.
Caesar, might have fought many battles and skirmishes along the River Thames and may even crossed over to the north side of it but he knew very little of the inhabitants or the real Briton’s.
A major battle took place at the Isle of Thorns which is approximately where the houses of parliament, Westminster are now. That was one on the few places that could be crossed as there was a ford there at one stage. Archaeologists tell us that there were fordable places Battersea too, which will be of special interest later.
Just by the houses of parliament there is a large statue of Boadacea on her chariot together with her daughters. It is a really remarkable statue. Now, try to imagine 4,000 or more of those things being lined up along the banks of the River Thames with Caesar and his 12,000 infantry pondering how they are going to overcome such a force?

Caesar writes: I noticed large enemy forces drawn up on the opposite bank. The bank had also been fortified with sharp stakes fixed along it, and, as I discovered from prisoners and deserters, similar stakes had been driven into the riverbed and were concealed beneath the water.

Cassivellaunus disbanded some of his forces, said to be in excess of 30,000, keeping some 4,000 charioteers with whom he kept a close watch on the line of March. He kept his men some distance from the main marching legionnaires and in doing so was able to follow the Roman advance. They concealed themselves in the woods and thickets, and when they discovered the areas through which we should be marching, they drove the inhabitants and their cattle out of the fields and into the woods. Then, whenever our cavalry had ventured any distance into the fields to get plunder or devastate the country, they sent these charioteers out of the woods by every road and track to attack them.

Notice the word road was used in this old document. The Roman’s were walking along British built roads and knew of their existence. Not all roads built in Britain were built by the Roman’s although later they might have added to what was already there and improved upon them. The British did have their own roads and they also had transport even if it was chariots.

Caesar’s men were in great danger from such clashes, and fear of them prevented them from ranging far a field. The result was that Caesar could not allow the cavalry to go any distance from the main column of infantry; thus the damage our cavalry could inflict on the Britons by burning and ravaging their land was limited by the capacity of our infantry, when they were tired from strenuous marching, to give them protection.
Caesar appears to know of only one ford, while archaeologist has located a number of possible fords: at Westminster, Battersea, and Vauxhall. This suggests that the Roman forces were deliberately fed disinformation in order to make them attempt their crossing at the most heavily defended point.

It also suggests that the boundary of the territory of Cassivellaunus (leader of the Catevellauni) was along the Thames.
What few people knew at the time was Cassivellaunus was the brother King Llud who had established Trinovantanium, which would have been clearly visible from the South bank of the River Thames. Strangely, there is no mention of it being seen despite being situated so close to the river.
However, a simple explanation is that as Trinovantanium was situated some distance to the east, Caesar and his forces might not have seen it as their journey would have been from southeast to northwest. One must also remember that the River Thames was much wider then than it is today.
Much of it would have been flood plain with tree’s either side of the River, which would have obscured the view of what was behind the trees. There were no tall buildings in those days in which anyone could get a birds eye view from the south bank of the River Thames as there are today.

A column especially when tired of marching pays little attention to what is ahead, they are more concerned about kicking the bloke in front of them should they break out of step as sometimes happens in the military.

The tactics that the British adopted appear to have inflicted real damage on the Romans, and reflect rather better on the British that classical sources normally suggest. Although the Romans may have been able to win one or two engagements at Cassivellaunus stronghold, the Romans left Britain, and did not return for 90 years.

The geographer Strabo states,”The deified Caesar crossed over twice to the island, but came back in haste, without accomplishing much or proceeding very far inland”. Caesar described the early Briton’s as being naked and using woad to dye their bodies blue. One wonders if Caesar actually came to Britain if he couldn’t describe the dress of the locals.
The Roman poet Lucan confirms the defeat and humiliation of the Romans; "In haste he turned and showed his back to the British he had attacked." Nennius on the other hand writes a more interesting story. 19. The Romans having obtained the dominion of the world, sent legates or deputies to the Britons to demand of them hostages and tribute, which they received from all other countries and islands; but they, fierce, disdainful, and haughty, treated the legation with contempt.

Then Julius Caesar, the first who had acquired absolute power at Rome, highly incensed against the Britons, sailed with sixty vessels to the mouth of the Thames, where they suffered shipwreck whilst he fought against Dolobellus, (the proconsul of the British king, and thus Julius Caesar returned home without victory, having had his soldiers slain, and his ships shattered.

In those days a battle would be fought during the day and they would collect their dead and bury them during the night. It was more like something out of a Looney tunes cartoon where Wiley Coyote would clock on in the morning for his shift while Ralph the devoted watch dog would stand guard over the flock of sheep during the day only to clock off at night fall.

In Ludgate Circus there used to be a large statue of King Llud and his two sons. They are dressed and one of the sons, believed to be Tenuantius appears to be wearing body Armour as well. This statue alone proves that the British people were
not naked but dressed, highly intelligent well-educated individuals and well prepared for going into battle.

There is a better print of the statues at Guildhall, in that all three are shown wearing swords behind them. Which proves beyond doubt they were well armed and prepared for battle.
Caesar would have sent out scouting parties looking for other possible places upstream in which they might be able to cross the Thames. Once they were halfway across, the British would attack them at their most vulnerable point where they would be forced to retreat. There is no reason to suspect that he didn’t, because there is tangible evidence that he did.

Fortunately, the British Museum is the largest storehouse of treasures in Britain. Inside, there are number of iron age shields that have been recovered from the Thames together with many other objects such as axes, spears and daggers.

The Museum of London also has a huge collection of similar weapons, many recovered from the Thames. According to members of the staff at the museum state that, “many of these have been associated with votive offerings to the gods by the Celts.”

Votive offerings to the Gods, such is the education of the people that work in museums that they consider the British to be Celts. Have they learnt nothing, The Britain’s were derived from Brutas, they were descendants who originally occupied Britain from Troy. They were in fact Trojans but were Christians as Nennius declares and writes about them converting to Christianity in AD 35 – 36. Even the Pope the highest religious person in the world recognizes that the British were the First Christians.

Weapons were highly sought after and highly prized items in those days. They were expensive items too and those that had them would not leave them out of their sight and would even sleep with them. The only time a warrior would give up his weapons was when he was injured or killed in Battle.

Looking at the intricate designs on the shields and similarities the designs it is quite conceivable that the markings could have been a form of insignia of certain tribes and rank of high standing individuals either way these shields look nothing like the easily recognizable shields the Romans used indicating that these shields were British.

Votive offerings to the gods is a feeble excuse to escape the real truth that a Battle had taken place. It was only when the fight was over that bodies would have been retrieved, but the weapons submerged in water and mud would remain there until such time as they were found again. .

Such is the case of the many weapons, shields, knives, spearheads, and axes have been found and are continually being found in the River Thames. The River is a well know haunt for treasure hunters, who call themselves mud larks. They obtain special permits from the Port of London Authority and continually search the River Thames in hope of finding such an item.
In fact anyone can apply for such a document, if they want to pay the price and fancy messing about getting filthy dirty in mud all weekend. It should be noted that the Port of London Authority, whilst allowing people to search the river banks put restrictions on any searching between Westminster and Battersea.

Now isn't this interesting? you are allowed to search other places along the Thames except the area's where the historians and archaeologists are aware that major conflicts between Caesar and Cassivellaunus along this stretch of the River and this is the area where all the shields, spears, swords and other weapons have been found.

This is typical of the Oxford Cambridge academics and their stupid way of thinking, in that nothing happened before the Roman’s arrived in Britain or before 1066. How dare they even consider the Briton’s welcomed Caesar with open arms and were going to allow him to take over without a fight.

Surely, someone at the museum has the sense to realize that swords and shields were highly prized items and the only time anyone would lose one would be in battle following a fight which resulted in death. This is how these shields and ther relics were lost and swallowed up by the fast flowing waters of the Thames remaining in the mud until they were discovered. The River Thames is sometimes described as holding the biggest collection of treasures anywhere in the world.

How many more of these wondrous objects of British history remain there in the river’s mud waiting to be unearthed and put on display for the public to see is unknown but there must be many. For it is written that thousands of Briton’s and Romans took part in this battle and many would have died in the fighting.

It is strange that whilst many British shields are displayed in the museums, there are not any roman ones? Is that because the Roman ones were made of wood, which floated away from the scene of any battle and eventually sank when the became water logged and rotted away? The leading question of course is why the absence of such items,when columns of Roman legionnaires are all depicted with shields and full body armour?

The answer to the problem is that only any metal objects such as the brass on the side and any other fillings would survive, It also shows that the Briton's were more advanced by using metal shields against the wooden ones used by the Romans.
But thin iron strips would rust away over the years or if they survived had become unrecognizable. However, when one considers the size of a Roman shield anyone finding strips of metal would fail to recognize what the objects were unless they were familiar with roman shields.

ALAN HASSELL'S CONTINUANCE.... PART 2 (Copyrighted) ..Here

Note
The above was written by Alan some years ago.. Go here dated 11 March 2011 for an update as to why the Kymru(Welsh) battled with horse drawn chariots...Troedyrhiw

Troedyrhiw

"Celt, Druid and Culdee"

2008-11-18T21:11:00.020-05:00

ImportantMove pointer slowly OVER images for maximum effectiveness...Agendums may be codified for black-op pre-emptiveness..:-)..MOST pages carry "hidden messages"..When the pointer moves over an image(LH button down) it shows the hidden message which Mozilla does not do(blame W3C)...so there is an "add-on" for Firefox,Netscape 7 and Mozilla alternate image..Please go Here to download the open source add-on..It only takes a second and its well worth it.

It should be acknowledged immediately that all professionals historians cited below, DID NOT have the beneficial knowledge and application of practical and applied DNA(Deoxyribonucleic Acid)structures that the American James Watson and English friend Francis Crick developed in 1953..yet the principle of DNA was discovered by a Swiss physician, Frederick Miescher in 1869 ..a 25 year old just out of college.
Legend has it that Crick when walking through the door of the Eagle Pub in Cambridge with Watson said "We have found the secret of Life.
Currently,DNA evidence is being used to try to identify the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel.

...So the emphatically and unquestionable opinions of said Professional Historians are to be taken in context..Last years(2009)testing in UK and USA indicates that the Britons of Wales were remarkably similar to some peoples in Turkey, Syria and other Middle Eastern people..Most(not all) of the English peoples were by all odds from Denmark and Germany..Angles,Saxons and Jutes.
The 'Celts' apparently did not register on the same genetic DNA scoreboard with the Welsh...So the argument,"No Celts in Briton" seems to be the winning number.

Troedyrhiw

"Celt, Druid and Culdee"
BY ISABEL HILL ELDER
THE COVENANT PUBLISHING CO.LTD.
6 Buckingham Gate, S.W. i
LONDON
UK...1938

http://troedyrhiw-greenmeadow.blogspot.com/2010/09/celt-druid-and-culdee.html

Page 1 of 63
THE EARLY BRITONS
IT has been said that the only excuse for writing a book is that
one has something to say which has not been said before. That
this claim cannot be made on behalf of this little volume will be
very evident to the reader as he proceeds, since it is a
***compilation from a variety of sources,*** from which evidence
has been brought together, to support the belief that the
civilization of the early Britons was of a high standard, and
that they did not deserve that contempt with which they have been
treated by many historians, nor the odious names of 'savages' and
'barbarians' by the supercilious literati of Greece and Rome.
When evidence, admittedly fragmentary, of the real conditions in
these islands, from the earliest times, has been brought to light
throughout the centuries, it seems, almost invariably, to have
been rejected in favour of Roman teaching.
In his History of Scotland, the Rev. J. A. Wylie, LL.D., say:
'We have been taught to picture the earliest conditions of
our country as one of unbroken darkness. A calm
consideration of the time and circumstances of its first
peopling warrants a more cheerful view."
By examining the available evidence it may be possible to obtain
this more cheerful view, and to show that in the darkest eras of
our country the rites of public worship were publicly observed.
It is ever true to say that, 'The history of a nation is the
history of its religion, its attempts to seek after God.'
Wilford states that the **old Indians** were acquainted with the
**British Islands,** which their books described as the sacred
islands of the west, and called one them Britashtan, or the seat
or place of religious duty.
The popular idea that the ancestors of the British were painted

Page 2
savages has no foundation in fact. It was a custom of the Picts
and other branches of the Celtic and Gothic nations to make
themselves look terrible in war, from whence came the Roman term
'savage'. The 'painting' was in reality tattooing, a practice
still cherished in all primitive crudities by the British sailor
or and soldier.
Far from these ancestral Britons having been mere painted
savages, roaming wild in the woods as we are imaginatively told
in most of the modern histories, they are now, on the contrary,
as disclosed by newly found historical facts given by Professor
Waddell, known to have been, from the very first grounding of
their galley keels upon these shores, over a millennium and a
half before the Christian era, a literate race, pioneers of
civilization. The universally held belief that the mixed race
has prevailed during many centuries; this belief, however, is
now fading out of the scientific mind and giving place to the
exact opposite. Britons, Celts, Gaels, Anglo-Saxons, Danes and
Normans when warring with each other were kinsmen shedding
kindred blood.
Professor Sayce, at a later date, in one of his lectures,
observes that he misses no opportunity of uprooting the notion
that the people who form the British nation are descended from
various races, all the branches that flowed into Britain being
branches of the selfsame stock. Not a single pure Saxon is to be
found in any village, town or city of Germany. Our Saxon
ancestors rested there for a time in their wandering to these
islands.
Dr. Latham says, "Throughout the whole length and breadth of
Germany there is not one village, hamlet or family which can show
definite signs of descent from the Continental ancestors of the
Angles of England."
It was against this, race, now in possession of the whole of
Southern Britain, that Caesar led his legions. The Belgae, the
Attrebates, the Parisii and the Britanni were all British tribes,
having kinsmen on the Continent, yet moving westward, who had
fought against Caesar in the Gallic wars.
It is noteworthy that during the occupation of Britain by the
Romans the inhabitants led a life as separate as possible from
their invaders and, according to Professor Huxley, when the
Romans withdrew from Britain in A.D.410 the population was as

Page 3
substantially Celtic as they found it.
Huxley in 1870, in the earlier years of the Irish agitation,
applied the results of his studies to the political situation in
Ireland in the following words in one of his lectures:
"If what I have to say in a matter of science weighs with
any man who has political power I ask him to believe that
the arguments made about the difference between Anglo
Saxons and Celts are a mere sham and delusion."

The Welsh Triads and the 'Chronicum Regum Pictorum' as well as
the 'Psalter of Cashel' give us the chief early information about
the inhabitants of Scotland, and all agree as to the racial unity
of the peoples, much, however, as they fought each other.
This unity is recognized by Thierry Nicholas, Palgrave and Bruce
Hannay.
The Britons were renowned for their athletic form, for the great
strength of their bodies, and for swiftness foot. Clean-shaven,
save for long moustaches, with fair skins and fair hair, they
were a fine, manly race of great height (Strabo tells us that
British youths were six inches taller than the tallest man in
Rome) and powerfully built. They excelled in running, swimming,
wrestling, climbing and in all kinds of bodily exercise, were
patient in pain, toil and suffering, accustomed to fatigue,
to bearing hunger, cold and all manner of hardships. Bravery,
fidelity to their word, manly independence, love of their
national free institutions, and hatred of every pollution and
meanness were their noble characteristics.
Tacitus tells us the northern
Britons were well trained and armed for war. In the battlefield
they formed themselves into battalions; the soldiers were armed
with huge swords and small shields called 'short targets', they
had chariots and cavalry, and carried darts which they hurled in
showers on the enemy. Magnificent as horsemen, with their
chargers gaily caparisoned, they presented a splendid spectacle
when prepared for battle. The cumulative evidence is of a people
numerous, brave and energetic. Even Agricola could say that it
would be no disgrace to him, were he to fall in battle, to do so
among so brave a people. Farther south similar conditions
prevailed; the Romans, led by Plautius and Flavius Vespasian, the
future Emperor and his brother, assailed the British, and were
met with the british 'stupidity' knows when it is beaten

Page 4
The British have been from all time a people apart,characterized
by justice and a love of religion. Boadicea, in her oration as
queen by Dion Cassius, observes that though Britain had been for
centuries open to the Continent, yet its language, philosophy and
usages continued as great a mystery as ever to the Romans
themselves.
The monuments of the ancient Britons have long since vanished
(with the exception of Stonehenge and other places of Druidic
worship), yet Nennius, the British historian who was Abbot of
Bangor-on-Dee about A.D. 860, states that he drew the greater
part of his information from writings and the monuments of the
old British inhabitants. Our early historians were undoubtedly
acquainted with a book of annals written in the vernacular tongue
which was substantially the same as the Saxon Chronicle.
Nennius disclaims any special ability for the task of historian
set him by his superiors, but is filled with a keen desire to see
justice done to the memory of his countrymen, saying, 'I bore
about with me an inward wound, and I was indignant that the name
of my own people, formerly famous and distinguished, should sink
into oblivion and like smoke be dissipated....It is better to
drink a wholesome draught of truth from a humble vessel than
poison mixed with honey from a golden goblet.'
What were once considered exaggerated statements on the part of
Nennius, Geoffrey of Monmouth and other early historians, are now
discovered to be trust-worthy. In their day these writers were
regarded as historians of repute. Many of the ancient British
writers were professed genealogists, men appointed and patronized
by the princes of the country, who were prohibited from following
other professions. It was left a later age to throw doubt on
their veracity. Since it is the nature of truth to establish
itself it seems the reverse of scholarly to disregard the
evidence of ancient reports as embodied in the Welsh Triads and
the writings of early British historians.
Milton says, 'These old and inborn names of successive kings
never to have been real persons, or done in their lives at least
some part of what so long hath been remembered cannot be thought
without too strict incredulity.'
A great deal of history, so-called has come dow to us from Latin
sources, whose one object was, from the very first to make us

Page 5
believe that we owe all to Rome, when, in fact, Rome owes a
great deal to us: so much error has been taught in our schools
concerning the ancient Britons that it is difficult for the
average student to realize that the British, before the arrival
of Julius Caesar, were, in all probability, among the most highly
educated people on the earth at that time and, as regards
scientific research, surpassed both the Greeks and the Romans - a
fact testified to by both Greek and Roman writers themselves.
In all the solid essentials of humanity our British ancestors
compare to great advantage with the best eras of Greece and Rome.
Lumisden has shown in his treatise on the 'Antiquities of Rome'
that many of the fine actions attributed by Roman historians to
their own ancestors are mere copies from the early history of
Greece.
It is unfortunate for posterity that the histories from which
modern historians have drawn their information were written by
hostile strangers. That they have been accepted all along the
centuries as true is a striking tribute to a people who, valiant
in war and fierce in the defence of their rights, think no evil
of their enemies. Truly has it been said that an essentially
British characteristic is the swift forgetfulness of injury.

1 History of Scotland, Vol.I, p.31.
2 Asiatic Researches, Vol.3
3 Origin of Britons, Scots and Anglo-Saxons, p.14.4 Hibbert
Lectures (1887).
5 Ethnology of the British Islands, p.217.
6 Gilbert Stone, England, p.9.
7 Anthrop. Rev. 1870, Vol.8, p.197, Forefathers and Forerunners
of the British People.
8 Norman Conquest, p.20.
9 Pedigree of the English People.
10 Palgrave, English Commonwealth, Ch.I, p.85.
11 Hannay, European and other Race Origins, pp.365,470,371.
12 Pezron, Antiq, de la Nation et de la Langue Gaulaise.
13 Vita Agricolae, c.28.
14 Historiae Brittonum of Nennius, Harleian MS 3859 (British
Museum).
15 Vide Geoffrey of Monmouth, I, 1. See Cave Hist.Lit. II,18.

Page 6
16 Nennius, Hist. of the Britons, trans. J. A. Giles, Prol. p.2.
17 Gir. Camb. Cambriae Descript., Cap. XVIII. Anglica Hibernica,
ed. Camden, p.890.
18 History of England, Vol. 8, p. i 1.
19 Strabo, I,IV, p.197. Mela Pom., III, 2,18. N.H., I, 30.
20 Antiq.of Rome, pp.6,7,8.
LAWS AND ROADS
That Britain had an indigenous system of law centuries before the
Christian era is abundantly clear from ancient histories of our
islands.
The lawgiver, Molmutius, 450 B.C.(1) based his laws on the code
of Brutus, 1100 B.C. He was the son of Cloton, Duke of Cornwall
(which was and continued to be a royal dukedom) and is referred
to in ancient documents as Dyfn-val-meol-meod, and because of his
wisdom has been called the 'Solomon' of Britain. 'Centuries
before the Romans gained a footing in this country the
inhabitants were a polished and intellectual people, with a
system of jurisprudence of their own, superior even to the laws
of Rome, and the Romans acknowledged this.'(2)
We have it from the great law authorities and from the legal
writers, Fortescue and Coke, that the Brutus and Molmutine laws
have always been regarded as the foundation and bulwark of
British liberties, and are distinguished for their clearness,
brevity, justice and humanity.(3)
'The original laws of this land were composed of such elements as
Brutus first selected from the ancient Greek and Trojan
institutions.'(4)
A Trojan law mentioned by E.O.Gordon, decreed that the sceptre
might pass to a queen as well as to a king; this law was embodied
by King Molmutius in his code and remains an outstanding feature
of the rulership of these islands.(5)
The liberty of the subject, so marked a feature of British
government today, runs from those remote times like a gold thread
through all the laws and institutions in this country.
King Alfred, it is recorded, employed his scribe, Asser, a
learned Welsh monk from St. David's (whom he afterwards made
abbot of Amesbury and Bishop of Sherborne), to translate the
Molmutine laws from the Celtic tongue into Latin, in order

Page 7
that he might incorporate them into his own Anglo-Saxon code.(6)
'The Manorial system had its beginning in Celtic Britain and was
so deeply rooted in the soil that when the Romans came they were
wise enough in their experience as colonists not to attempt the
redistribution of the old shires and hundreds.'(7)
King Alfred's ideas of rulership maintained the earlier and
sometimes unwritten laws of Britain in these words: 'A king's raw
material and instruments of rule are well-peopled land, and he
must also have men of prayer, men of war and men of work.'
From the earliest Code of Laws known as the Molmutine, the
following are appended as examples:
'There ate three tests of civil liberty; equality of rights;
equality of taxation; freedom to come and go.
'Three things are indispensable to a true union of nations;
sameness of laws, rights and language.
'There are three things free to all Britons; the forest, the
unworked mine, the right of hunting.
'There three property birthrights of every Briton; five British
acres of land for a home, the right of suffrage in the enacting
of the laws, the male at twenty-one, the female on her marriage.
'There are three things which every Briton may legally be
compelled to attend; the worship of God, military service, the
courts of law.
'There are three things free to every man, Briton or foreigner,
the refusal of which no law will justify; water from spring,
river or well; firing from a decayed tree, a block of stone not
in use.
'There are three classes which are exempt from bearing arms;
bards, judges, graduates in law or religion. These represent God
and His peace, and no weapon must ever be found in their hands.
'There are three persons who have a right of public maintenance;
the old, the babe, the foreigner who can not speak the British
tongue.'

Page 8
8
From time immemorial the laws and customs differed from those of
other nations, and that the Romans effected no change in this
respect is very plainly set forth by Henry de Bracton, a
thirteenth-century English judge of great experience. 'He was
thoroughly acquainted with the practice of the law. His "Note-
Book" is our earliest and most treasured of law reports.'(9)
Judge de Bracton states, 'Whereas in almost all countries they
use laws and written right, England alone uses within her
boundaries unwritten right and custom. In England, indeed, right
is derived from what is unwritten which usage has approved. There
are also in England several and divers customs according to the
diversity of places, for the English have many things by custom
which they have not by written law, as in divers countries,
cities, boroughs and vills where it will always have to be
enquired what is the custom of the place and in what manner they
who allege the custom observe the custom.'(10)
Another point on which Britain differs from other countries is
that she has ever maintained the Common Law which holds a person
under trial innocent until proved guilty, whereas the Continental
nations maintain the Civil Law which holds him guilty until
proved innocent.
Molmutius, the first king in these islands to wear a crown of
gold,(11) is said to have founded the city of Bristol, which he
called Caer Odor, 'the city of the Chasm'. His son Belinus, who
succeeded him, built a city where London now stands which he
called Caer Troia, and also the first Thames Embankment. He
constructed a sort of quay or port made of poles and planks, and
erected a water-gate. That age, the only gate admitting into
London on the south side, became Belinus Gate or Belins Gate.
(12)
Belinus lived to the age of eighty. When he died his body was
burned (they did not call it cremation in those days) and his
ashes were enclosed in a brazen urn, which was placed on top of
the gate; henceforth it was Belin's Gate and it requires no undue
stretch of imagination to see that Belin's Gate became
Billingsgate.
Bellingsgate enjoys the proud distinction of being the first Port
of London, the only Port of London at that time, and thus the men
of Billingsgate became the first Port of London Authority.
Cambria Formosa, daughter of Belinus, 373 B.C. greatly promoted

Page 9
the building of cities. She is said to have taught the women of
Britain to sow flax and hemp and weave it into cloth. Her brother
Gwrgan first built the city of Cambridge which he called Caer
Gwrgan.(13)
In these early times Britain was a wealthy country, with fine
cities, a well organized national life, and an educated and
civilized people.
The so-called Roman roads in Britain were constructed centuries
BEFORE the Romans came to these islands. The dover to Holyhead
causeway, called Sarn Wydellin or Irish Road, later became
corrupted into Watling Street; the Sarn Ikin, later Icknield
street, led from London northwards through the eastern district,
and Sarn Achmaen from London to Menevia (St. David's).
These were causeways or raised roads (not mere trackways as
sometimes erroneously stated), except where raised road were
impossible, and this accounts for the term 'Holloway' in some
parts of the country.
Our roads were begun by Molmutius (c.450 B.C.) and completed by
his son Belinus. On their completion a law was enacted throwing
open these roads to all nations and foreigners: 'There are three
things free to a country and its borders; the roads, the rivers
and the places of worship. These are under the protection of God
and His peace.' In this law originated the term 'The King's
Highway.'(14)
Writers who maintain that the British roads were simply unmade
trackways seem unaware of the fact that the British were skilled
charioteer this fact, without other evidence, should go a long
way to prove that the roads of ancient Britain were hard and well
made. Charioteering is not brought to perfection on soft, boggy
trackways, nor are chariots built without wheelwrights and other
mechanics skilled in the working of iron and wood.
Only once before, in the war with Antiochus, 192 B.C., the Romans
met with similar chariots, but never in any European country. The
British chariot was built after the Eastern pattern, adorned with
carved figures and armed with hooks and scythes. British chariots
were prized possessions of the Romans.
Diodorus Siculus, 60 B.C., states, 'The Britons live in the same
manner that the ancients did; they fight in chariots as the

Page 10
ancient heroes of Greece are said to have done in the Trojan
wars.....They are plain and upright in their dealings, and far
from the craft and subtlety of our countrymen.... The island is
very populous.... The Celts never shut the doors of their houses;
they invite strangers to their feasts, and when all is over ask
who they are and what is their business.(15)
Britain, long before the Roman invasion, was famous for its breed
of horses and the daring and accomplishment of its charioteers;
and after the arrival of the Romans the large space given by
their historians to the wars in Britain, demonstrate the interest
felt in them by the whole empire. Juvenal could suggest no news
which would have(16) been hailed by the Roman people with more
satisfaction than the fall of the British king Arviragus
(Caractacus), a direct descendant of King Molmutius.
'Hath our great enemy, Arviragus, the car-borne British
king, Dropped from his battle-throne?'
1. Ancient Laws of Cambria (British Museum, 5805, A.A. 4). Myv.
Arch., Vol. II, Brut Tysillo.
2. Yeatman, Early English History, p.9.
3. De Laudibus Legum Angliae. Coke Preface, third volume of
Pleadings. Fortescue Brit. Laws, published with notes by
Selden, Ch.17, pp.38,39.
4. Ibid.
5. Prehistoric London, p.115.
6. Summarized by Edmund Spenser, Faerie Queen, Bk.II, Stanza
XXXIX (ed. Morris).
7. A Manor through four Centuries, by A.R.Cook.
8. Triads of Dynvall Moelmud, ap. Walter p. 315 Myv Arch., Vol.
III. Ancient Laws of Cambria, ap. Palgrave and Lappenberg.
9. Gilbert Stone, England from Earliest Times, p.385.
10.Legibus et Consuet, pp.4,5.
11.Holinshed, Chronicles, Ch. XXII, p.117. Geoffrey of Monmouth,
Bk.II, Chap.XVII.
12.E. O. Gordon, Prehistoric London, p.146.
13.Lewis, Hist. of Britain, p.52. See Baker's MSS. in the
University Library, Cambridge,XXIV,249.
14.Ancient Laws of Cambriae (British Museum,A.A.4). Stukely,
Abury, p.42.
15.Dio.Sic., Bk.V,Chap.X. Senchus Mor., IV,237.
16.Juvenal lived through the reigns of Caligula, Claudius, Nero,
Vespasian, Domitian and Trojan, in whose reign he died at the
age of eighty.

Page 11
COMMERCE AND DRESS
Tacitus and Strabo describe
Londinium as famous for the vast number of merchants who resorted
to it for its widely extended commerce, for the abundance of
every species of commodity which it could supply, and they make
note of British merchants bringing to the Seine and the Rhine
shiploads of corn and cattle, iron and hides, and taking back
iron, ivory and brass ornaments.(1)
That Londinium was considered by the Romans as the metropolis of
Britain is further established by the fact that it was the
residence of the Vicar of Britain!(2) The abode of such an office
clearly marks London as having been a seat of justice, of
government and of the administration of the finances which
consequently contributed to its extent, its magnificence and its
wealth.(3) Britain was, in fact, from at least 900 B.C. to the
Roman invasion, the manufacturing centre of the world.
The Abbe de Fontenu proved that the Phoenicians, the name by
which the tribe of Asher was known after the Conquest of the
Phoenician territory, had an established trade with Britain
before the Trojan war, 1190 B.C.(4) Admiral Himilco of Carthage,
who visited Britain about the sixth century B.C. to explore 'the
outer parts of Europe', records that the Britons were 'a powerful
race, proud-spirited, effectively skilful in art, and constantly
busy with the cares of trade.(5)
Nor was Ireland less forward than Britain, for from the ancient
Greek records it would appear that trade routes both by sea and
land existed in these very early times, the latter route being
across Europe through the territories of the Scythians. A most
curious belief of the Greeks was that the inspiration which led
to the institution of the Olympic Games was derived from the
observance of ancient Irish festivities.(6)
The British farmer had a market for his produce beyond the shores
of Britain. We learn from Zosimus that in the reign of Julian,
A.D.363, eight hundred pinnaces were built in order to supply
Germany with corn from Britain.(7)
When the Romans invaded Britain in A.D. 43 they found the
inhabitants in possession of a gold coinage, wrought shields of

Page 12
bronze(8) and enamelled ornaments.(9) Fine specimens of richly
enamelled horses' trappings may be seen in the British Museum,
and the bronze shield found in the Thames, near Battersea,
adorned with enamelled designs, Rice Holmes describes as 'the
noblest creation of late Celtic art.'(10)
The beautiful brooches discovered in different parts of these
islands clearly demonstrated that the Britons were skilful and
artistic metal workers, and in the centuries of Roman
domination.
The Celtic patterns did not die out. A peculiarly Celtic type is
the 'dragon' brooch 'representing a conventionalized writhing
dragon often magnificently inlaid with enamel, and recalling in
its vigorous design and curvilinear motives all the essential
qualities of late Celtic art'. Thus the native tradition of metal
work continued under Roman rule to flourish and to produce types
which were not merely Roman but recognizably Celtic.(11) In a
further description Mr. Collingwood says. 'In the true Celtic
spirit the ornament on the trumpet head is often made with eyes
and nostrils to resemble the head of an animal, but however the
brooch is finished in detail it is always a masterpiece of both
design and manufacture.'(12)
Enamelling was an art unknown to the Greeks until they were
taught it by the Celts.(13)
Dr.Arthur Evans tells us that the Romans carried off some of the
Britons to Rome to teach them the art of enamelling as well as
that of glass-making.
Stukeley, giving an account of a glass urn discovered in the Isle
of Ely in the year 1757,observes the Britons were famous for
glass manufacture.(14)
The early Britons were workers in pottery, turnery, smeltings and
glasswork.(15) In the excavations at Glastonbury well-made
instruments of agriculture were found such as tools, files,
safety-pins and also the remains of wells and bridges.
The British tin mines were, from the earliest times, world
renowned. Diodorus Siculus states, 'These people obtain the tin
by skilfully working the soil which produces it.'(16)
Herodotus speaks of the British Isles under the general term
'Cassiterides or the Tin Islands.(17) Bede mentions copper,
iron, lead and silver. 'Gold, too, was mined on a small scale in

Page 13
Wales, and on a large scale in Ireland where was situated in
early times the centre of the goldmining industry.' Bede mentions
also, as semi-precious, the jet for which Whitby is famous even
now.(18)
The lead mines of Britain were worked long before the Roman
occupation, and it is believed that during the partial domination
by Rome, the mining continued to be carried out by Celtic
workmen.(19)
Dr.John Phillips, the geologist, stated in 1855 that without due
consideration being given to the lead-mining industry, our ideas
'of the ancient British people would be altogether conjectural,
derogatory and erroneous'(20)
Derbyshire was the chief centre of lead-mining, and is so
mentioned in Domesday Book.
Eumemus, A.D.266, private secretary to Constantius Chlores,
states, Britain is full of skilled craftsmen.(21)
The coins of ancient Britain are worthy of more than passing
notice.
Numismatists tell us that our ancient British types cannot amount
to many less than four hundred in number, of which possibly two
hundred may have inscriptions,(22) this variety is to be
accounted for by the fact that each tribe had its own stamped
currency in gold silver and bronze.
Canon Lysons state, 'It is to be remembered that the earliest
British coins are not imitations of the Roman coinage, they much
resemble the coinage of Philip of Macedon, Alexander the Great,
and the Greek and Eastern mintage.(23)
Dr.Borlase in his Antiquities of Cornwall asserts that the wheel
under the horse seen on Cornish coins intimated the making of a
highway for carts, and that the wheel is common on the coins of
Cunobelinus, 14 B.C., on those of Cassebelinus, 51 B.C., and also
on the Cornish coins which from their character appear to be
older than the rest.

Page 14
Sir John Evans devotes sixty-four pages of his standard work
"Ancient British Coins" to the coins of Cunobelinus and the
history of his reign.
That Cunobelinus, the Cymbeline of Shakespeare, was a man of
education and refinement is well borne out by his coins,
universally considered to be a true index and reflection of the
mind. Numismatists tell us that the Cunobelinus types are by no
means a Roman type and could hardly have been struck except by
express command.(24)
The coins of Arviragus, son of Cunobelinus, are, where they are
included, the gems of every collection. The horse, sometimes
thought to have been introduced as a national emblem by the
Saxons, is one of the most common types upon the coins of the
ancient Britons.
M. de la Saussaye, in describing the old coin assigned to the
British Druid Abaris, who visited Greece, mentioned by Hecataeus,
states, 'I have been induced to modify my assertion on more than
one point and I particularly recognize religious ideas peculiar
to the Celts expressed on their monetary uninscribed types.(24)
The palm trees on the coins of the Southern Belgae, who settled
in Kent, Sussex, Hants, Wits, Dorset and Devon proclaim the
Eastern origin of these people.
From them modern pictorial representation of our ancestors we are
expected to believe that their dress consisted of an animal skin
fastened round the waist, and that they wandered, thus scantily
clad, about their island home, living on nuts and berries.
Boadicea, Queen of the Iceni (the inhabitants of Norfolk and
Suffolk), was described by Dion Cassius as a woman of commanding
appearance. 'Her stature exceeded the ordinary height of women;
her aspect was calm and collected, but her voice had become deep
and pitiless. Her hair falling in long golden tresses as low as
her hips was collected round her forehead by a golden coronet;
she wore a "tartan" dress fitting closely to the bosom, but below
the waist expanding in loose folds, as a gown; over it was a
chlamys or military cloak. In her hand she bore a spear.'(26)
In these descriptions of native dress it is interesting to note
the early use of the tartan. A British hooded cloak was evidently
regarded by the Romans as a superior garment, for in
Diocletian's Edict of Prices issued in A.D.301, the price of the
British cloak was the highest on the list, with the exception of
the Gallic. If the price was high on account of the quality of
the wool, the statement of the epigrammatist, Martial, A.D.60, is
given as substantiating that among other attractions, Britain was

Page 15
for wool past compare.'(27)
Ireland kept pace with Britain in the farming for wool, both for
export and domestic use; the Irish cottiers were always warmly
clad in their own home spun.(28)
The Briton in battledress was an impressive figure being clad
precisely as were the men of Gaul; clean-shaven, save for long
moustaches, with fair skins, fair hair, gorgeously clad in
breeches, bright-colored tunics and woollen cloaks dyed crimson
and often a chequered pattern with torques, armlets and bracelets
of gold, shields of enamelled bronze, and swords of fine
workmanship, they presented a splendid spectacle when prepared
for battle.
The Britons appear to have been also importers of cloth.
According to one authority, Phoenician cloths of Beyrout were
largely worn by the inhabitants of ancient Britain. At Beyrout
our Patron Saint George held for a time an important post under
the Roman Government.(29)
A torque or gold collar was worn by the wealthier inhabitants and
worn also as a distinguishing sign of eminence.(30) Specimens of
these torques have been discovered from time to time, and may be
seen in various museums, notably Dublin National Museum, and in
private collections. A very good example acquired by the late
Duke of Westminster and deposited at Eaton Hall was found at Bryn
Sion Caerwys Mill; it is thirty-two inches long and weighs
twenty-four ounces.
1. Strabo, Geogr. III,175; IV,199.
2. A Roman office.
3. Amm. Marcell, Lib.15, Chaps.8,9.
4. Mem. de Littirature, tome VII, p.126.
5. Fragment preserved by Festus Avienus, Ora Maritama, V, 98-100.
6. C. F. Parker, On the Trail of Irish Identity. National
Message, March 8, 1939.
7. Zosimus, Lib. III, p.43 (Ed. Bas.).
8. Philostratus. A Greek sophist (third century) who resided at
Court of Julia Domna, describes the British process.
9. Gilbert Stone, England from Earliest Times, p.9
10.Anc. Brit., p.244..
11.R.C Collingwood, Roman Britain, p. 76.
12.Archaeology of Roman Britain, p.253.
13.J. Romilly Allen, Celtic Art, p.136.

Page 16
14.Minutes of Antiq. Soc., March 1762.
15.Gallic Antiq.,p.64 (J. Smith).
16.Bk. V, Chap. X
17.Thalia, Section C, XV (Bel.ed).
18.Gilbert Stone, England from Earliest Times, p.15.
19.Gordon Home, Roman York, p.27
20.YorkPhilos. Soc., Vol.1, p.92
21.Panegyric Constanteus, C, 111.
22.J.Evens, Coins of the Anc.Brit., O, 171.
23.Our British Ancestors, p.41.
24.Coins of Cunobelinus and of the Ancient Britons, p.26
25.La Revue Numismatique, for 1842, p.165
26.Dion Cassius (Xiphilinus Excerpta), p.176, See Strabo,
Bk.1V, 3.
27.Martial, Lib, 1, ep. 2; and Lib.111, ep.20.
28.Stephen Gwynn, History of Ireland, p.330
29.Rev.Canon Parfitt, M.A., St. George of Merry England, 1917
30.Gibon's Camden, p.653. Hoare, Ancient Wilts,Vol.1,p.202
THE ROMAN INVASION
AT the time of the Roman invasion evidence of prosperity and
culture existed in Britain to arouse the envy of the Romans, and
it is a matter of history that the inhabitants led a life as
separate as possible from them.
It was only after ten years incessant warfare that the Romans in
A.D.43 succeeded in effecting a footing in Britain. This is not
reconcilable with the view that the Romans were invading the
territory of untrained, undisciplined savages. The resistance of
Britain was, in reality, against the whole of the north of
Europe, and was highly creditable to the brave defenders of their
country. In the immortal words of SHAKESPEARE in his "Cymbeline,"
'CAESAR MADE NOT HERE HIS BOAST OF CAME AND SAW AND
OVERCAME.'(1)
To estimate aright the military abilities of the
British general, Caswallon, and the resources of the people at
the period of the first collision of our island with the
Continent, it should be borne in mind that they were engaged
against, perhaps, the ablest general of antiquity. The DOUBLE
REPULSION of the JULIAN expedition, 55 and 54 B.C., remains
UNPARALLELED in British history.

Page 17
In Britain there was one supreme Crown and three Coronets or
Princes' Crowns; there were numerous other 'kings' who never wore
crowns.
The sovereign who reigned in Britain at the time of the Claudian
invasion was Cunobelinus, or King Belinus, the CYMBELINE of
SHAKESPEARE. Cuno, Cun and Can have their equivalents in the
Saxon Cynig; in modern German, Konig, and in English, King.
Cunobelinus and his ancestors ha much intercourse with the
Romans; he is said to have spent he greater part of his boyhood
at the Court of the Romans.(2)
The Roman invasion of his reign was met by Cunobelinus and is
sons with a stubbornness of defence and bravery which earned for
them admiration of the enemy an aroused the wonder of all Europe.
Cunobelinus, after a reign of thirty years, abdicated in favour
of his third son, Caradoc (Caractacus), who now became Arviragus
or high king and by this title is most frequently referred to in
the British Chronicles.
Tacitus reluctantly tells us that: 'In Britain after the capture of Caractacus
(Arviragus) the Romans were frequently defeated and put to rout
by the single state of the Silures alone(the Cymri).'(3) The Silures, the
inhabitants of south-west Britain(now Wales) were noted for their military
prowess and culture.
It is evident from the partial story furnished by the invaders
themselves that the resistance offered by the Britons to their
invaders was a surprise for which they were ill-prepared, for
this resistance came not from hordes of savages but from a nation
whose leaders were well versed in military tactics. The Britons
were determined to defend their ancient laws and institutions at
all costs. They evinced profound homage for the memory of their
forefathers, and from their inborn love of liberty sprang the
undaunted energy with which they met the mercenary and implacable
plunderers of the world. By no people was every inch of the
country contested with more bravery and surrendered more
stubbornly than by these Britons; on terms, indeed, which
rendered every victory for the Romans little better than
defeat.(4) It is absurd to suppose that such a nation could be
barbarous.

Page 18
If popular amusements are to be taken as the test the Romans were
themselves the MOST BARBAROUS of the nations of Europe. When the
brutal sports of the gladiators were proposed to be introduced at
Athens even the cynics cried out, 'We must first pull down the
statue to mercy which our forefathers erected fifteen hundred
years ago.'
A similar gulf separated the British from the Roman temper, and
the comparison of the latter people with regard to the former
should be received with the caution which we would exercise today
in receiving the accounts of hostile strangers.
All the evidence supplied by Caesar refutes the
notion of material barbarism. Agriculture was universal, corn
everywhere abundant, pasturage a distinct branch of national
wealth, and the population so numerous as to excite his
astonishment - 'hominum, multitudo infinito' - the surest and
most satisfactory proof of and social state and ample means of
sustenance.(5)
Having effected a landing (and the testimony of their own
historians is that never was a country more dearly purchased nor
held with greater difficulty) the Romans proceeded with their
policy of destruction for which they had become notorious on the
continent of Europe.
One notable instance has come down to us of the Roman spirit of
cruel indifference to human feelings and sufferings. The
immensely wealthy Prasutagus, King of the Iceni, apprehensive, in
the event of his death, of the Roman brutality likely to be
experienced by his queen, BOADICEA, and his two daughters, left
one half of his fortune to the Emperor Nero, endeavouring thus to
secure for them a measure of protection. When, however, his death
took place in A.D.60, the Roman 'praefect,' Caius Decius, seized
the royal hoard on the pretext that it came under the
denomination of public property. Resistance being made, the
legionaries stormed the palace and carried the treasures off to
the Castra.(6) The story of the barbarous treatment meted out to
its inmates need not be repeated here, nor of Boadicea, stung to
frenzy by these atrocities, bravely taking to the field in
defence of her family and her people, the Roman 'praefect'
having, in direct violation of the Claudian treaty, also
confiscated the estates of the Icenic nobility.
Seneca, the usurious, millionaire philosopher, advanced to the
Iceni, on the security of their public buildings, a sum of money
- about two million pounds sterling in modern currency at ruinous rate,(7)

Page 19
this loan, suddenly and violently called in, was the indirect cause of
the Boadicean war. It was a disgrace for a Roman to lend to a
Roman for interest; they were permitted, however, to lend to a
foreigner.
The territories of the Iceni were rich in lead-mines, some of
which were known to have been worked in times of even greater
antiquity; the Romans seized these mines soon after their arrival
in Britain, thus cutting off an important source of the wealth of
the Icenic people and obliging them to borrow money from Seneca
for the maintenance of their state.(8)
Boadicea, before leading her people and the tribe of the
Trinobantes who joined them, to war, to redress her wrongs,
ascended the 'generals' tribunal and addressed her army of
120,000 in these words:
"I rule not like Nitocris, over beasts of burden, as are the
effeminate nations of the East, nor, like Semiramis, over
tradesmen and traffickers, nor like the man-woman, Nero, over
slaves and eunuchs - such is the precious knowledge such
foreigners introduced amongst us - but I rule over Britons,
little versed, indeed, in craft and diplomacy, but born and
trained to the game of war; men who in the cause of liberty stake
down their lives, the lives of their wives and children,
their lands and property - Queen of such a race, I implore your
aid for freedom, for victory over enemies infamous for the
wantonness of the wrong they inflict, for their perversion of
justice, for their insatiable greed; a people that revel in
unmanly pleasures, whose affections are more to be dreaded and
abhorred than their enmity. Never let a foreigner bear rule over
me or over my countrymen; never let slavery reign in this
island."(9)
Boadicea's many SUCCESSFUL engagements with the Roman armies are
RECORDED in our histories, and when her DEATH took place in

Page 20
Flintshire, after her eventual defeat, the Romans were IMPRESSED
with her EXTRAORDINARY MAGNIFICENCE of her obsequies. According
to Tacitus,(10) Boadicea died by poison; in the course of nature
according to the Greek historian Dion Cassius.
Boadicea's kinsman, Caradoc, on meeting the invading Romans,
displayed a like spirit of bravery and courage; perhaps indeed no
warrior of ancient times succeeded in WINNING so much ADMIRATION
from the enemy as this king of the south-western Britons, better
known by his Latinized name of CARACTACUS.
The Welsh or Cymry, as the eldest tribe, held three
priorities. Priority as the first colonizers of Britain;
priority of government and priority in matters of learning and
culture.(11) From this premier tribe was to be elected the
Pendragon, or military dictator with absolute power for the time
being in the case of national danger or foreign invasion.
Caractacus, third son of Cunobelinus, had now succeeded his
father as Pendragon under the title Arviragus, or 'high king'.
This Pendragon was proudly referred to by his fellow countrymen
as 'The Praiseworthy Opposer'. Arviragus had yet another name,
Gueirydd (Justiciary), from his office of administrator of
justice, and by this name is mentioned in the Welsh Chronicles.
These three titles by which this ancient king of renown was known
have been a source of confusion in the minds of historical
students and others, which would not exist if the custom of the
ancient Britons, that of using titular designations, were better
known. The case under consideration is a good example of this
custom; in elucidation the following may be noted: in seven
genealogical charts setting forth his pedigree, Arviragus is
shown to be the son of Cunobelinus and grandsire of Lucius (in
whose reign Christianity was established as the national
religion); in the pedigree according to the classics, i.e. Julius
Caesar, Tacitus, Suetonius, Dion Cassius and Orosius, Caractacus
is shown to be the son of Cunobelinus; in Rome Caractacus was
known also by his title, Arviragus, and is so referred to by the
poet Juvenal. In the pedigree according to Tysilio and in the
Welsh Chronicles, Caractacus appears under his title Gueirdd
(Justiciary), son of Cunobelinus and grandsire of Lucius.
Further, in the Triads, and some of the Welsh genealogies,
Caractacus appears as the son of Bran and grandsire of Lucius.
Bran, a contraction of Brenhan, i.e. 'King', is mentioned in the
Triads as 'Bran the Blessed' (the Blessed King). This was the
designation of Cunobelinus following his acceptance of

Page 21
Christianity and his resignation of the crown in favour of his
third son, Caractacus. Bran the Blessed became Archdruid of
Siluria in order to devote the remainder of his life to
Christianity into which Druidism was beginning to merge.
Caradoc (Caractacus) was no rude savage fighting out of mere
animal instinct or in ignorance of the might of his adversary.
Familiar with the Latin language, this king was a true
representative of the higher classes of the Britons,'among whom a
as general taste for literature, a keen susceptibility to all
intellectual gratifications, a minute acquaintance with all the
principles and practice of their own national jurisprudence, and
a careful training in the schools of the rhetoricians, was very
generally diffused. Hence the rejoicing at Rome when this
military leader was BETRAYED and subsequently conducted through
the capital, amidst the excitement of three MILLION inhabitants
who thronged the line of procession to obtain a view of the
formidable captive.' The Senate was convened; the famous trial of
Caradoc followed, in which before the tribunal of the Emperor he
delivered himself thus :
"Had my government in Britain been directed solely with a view to
the preservation my hereditary domains, or the aggrandizement of
my own family, I might, long since, have entered this city an
ally, not a prisoner; nor would you have disdained for a friend,
a prince, descended from illustrious ancestors, and the dictator
of many nations. My present condition, stripped of its former
majesty, is as adverse to myself as it is a cause of triumph to
you. What then? I was lord of men, arms, horses, wealth.
What wonder if at your dictation I refuse to resign them! Does it
follow that because the Romans aspire to universal dominion every
nation is to accept the vassalage they would impose? I am now in
your power, BETRAYED, NOT conquered. Had I, like others, yielded
without resistance, where would have been the name of Caradoc
[Caractacus]? Where your glory? Oblivion would have buried both
in the same tomb. Bid me live. I shall survive for ever in
history, one example at least of Roman clemency."
The preservation of Caradoc forms a solitary EXCEPTION in the

Page 22
long catalogue of victims merciless policy of Imperial Rome. His
life was spared on condition that he never again bore arms
against Rome. After a residence of SEVEN years in FREE custody in
Rome he was permitted to return to Britain.
The British prince, Caradoc, in maintaining his descent from
illustrious ancestors, could bring from the clan records evidence
of his pedigree; in those remote times genealogies were guarded
with extreme care and recorded with exactitude by the heral-bard
of each clan.(12)
On the public reception of a child, at the age of fifteen, into
the clan, his genealogy was proclaimed and challengers of it
commanded to come forward.
Pedigree and inheritance were so identified in the ancient
British code that an heir even in the ninth descent could redeem
at a valuation by jury any portion of an estate with which his
forefathers had been compelled to part.(13)
All the family of Caradoc were attached to literary pursuits;
copies of the best Greek and Roman authors were circulated in
Siluria and deposited in the chief centres of druidic
learning.(14)
Caradoc's daughter, Claudia, who with other members of her family
remained in Rome as hostages during her father's captivity there,
wrote several volumes of hymns and odes.(15) Her praises were
sung by the poet Martial:
"Our Claudia named Rufina, sprung we know
From blue-eyed Britons; yet behold, she vies
In grace with all that Greece or Rome can show.
As bred and born beneath their glowing skies."
In a later epigram Martial writes:
"For mountains, bridges, rivers, churches and fair women,
Britain is past compare."(16)
Caradoc's sister, 'Pomponia Grecina', received her cognomen
through her acquaintance with Greek literature, while her aunt,
Blonwen, daughter of Cunobelinus, is believed to be the Imogen of
Shakespeare in his "Cymbeline." The great poet immortalized this
ancient British king in the lines:

Page 23
"The lofty cedar, royal Cymbeline personates thee."(17)
The state of the country of the northern Britons is indicated by
the number of large cities beyond the Forth which Agricola
explored with his fleet. This could not mean cities which he had
erected, he having been only six years in the country, nor could
cities have arisen in that period, 'amplas civitates', as we
learn from his biographer, Tacitus.
In a general account of Britain, Ptolemy, in A.D. 110, enumerates
fifty-six cities; later, Marcianus enumerated fifty-nine.
It was not until the reign of Hadrian A.D. 120, that Britain was
INCORPORATED BY TREATY, NOT CONQUEST, with the Roman
dominions,(18) the Britons retained their kings, land, laws and
rights, and accepted a Roman nucleus of the army for the defence
of the realm. These local kings and princes of Britain were
obliged to become lieutenants of the Roman Emperor, just as the
heads of our countries are now styled lieutenants of the
Sovereign. They were bound to permit the construction of a Roman
'castra' garrisoned by Roman legionaries, with their usual staff
of engineers, in their chief city. On the ruins of British
buildings and monuments rose the Roman 'castras' and villas, the
remains of which are treasured by many in this country who
appear to be quite unaware of the earlier civilization. The
buildings erected by the Romans were foreign to British ideas and
never became an integral part of British life.
When Alaric and his Goths were engaged in the sack of Rome, the
Britons remembered their ancient independence and their brave
ancestors; and having armed themselves, they threw off the Roman
yoke, deposed the imperial magistrates and proclaimed their
insular independence. The Emperor Honorius sent letters addressed
to the civitates of Britain, clearing them from the
responsibility of being any part of the Roman world.(19)
The Romans came to a country which was in all its essentials
prosperous and free. They left it in many places devastated.
Roman policy is tersely summed up in the words of the Pictish
sovereign Galgacus, "To robbery, slaughter, plunder, the Romans
give the lying name of Empire; they make a solitude and call it
peace."(20)
The Roman imperial system had its strong points, but it had many
weak ones - the two main weak points were WAR and SLAVERY. With
the Romans war became the instrument of progress, but it was a
system fatal to real progress and to the domestic virtues. To

Page 24
plough the soil and wait for the harvest seemed to them a
spiritless method of acquiring that which might more easily be
obtained, by conquest. Eloquence and the affairs of government as
well as the exciting and barbarous sports of the arena, were
esteemed and valued by Rome more than religion; hence her
basilicas and her amphitheatres were far more spacious and
magnificent than her temples.

The temper of the Britons may be judged by the evidence of the
important part a non-idolatrous religion exercised in their daily
lives; it has been said that the history of Britain is written in
her churches. This truism is applicable from the most remote
times, and from the nature of ancient worship it is possible to
discover the source of the uprightness, the independence and the
tolerance which characterized the early Britons.
These characteristics were noted by the Romans without their
effecting the least check on unprincipled avarice and ambition.
Salvian, A.D.430, does not hesitate to say that the barbarians
(so-called)led better lives than the Romans even of those who
were orthodox. 'Their modesty,' he says. 'purifies the earth all
stained by Roman debauchery.'(21) Amid the calamities and
sufferings of the first invasion of Rome by our Gothic ancestors
in A.D.402, St.Augustine of Hippo remarked upon the marvellous
forbearance of the soldiers of Alaric before the tombs of the
Christian martyrs; he even went so far as to speak of the mercy
and humility of these terrible victors.
To British genius alone we owe the foundation of our modern
civilization, including roads, laws, learning and a culture of
world-wide fame for more than two thousand years. From a more
accurate knowledge of British history we shall gain some notion
of that primeval liberty and self-government, common at first to
the early Britons and preserved today by the British people.
That the Britons adopted anything they thought good from the
romans is perfectly true; they did not, however, abandon any of
their old essential laws and customs and still less their

Page 25
religion.
But it is untrue to say that the Britons had no previous
civilization of their own as it is to pretend that Roman laws and
customs permanently established themselves in Britain and
remained AFTER the legions were withdrawn. there is sufficient
EVIDENCE to PROVE that the ancestors of the British, centuries
before the Romans gained a footing in these islands, were a
POLISHED and INTELLECTUAL people, skilled in ARMS as well as
LEARNING, with a system of JURISPRUDENCE of their own SUPERIOR
even to the laws of Rome.(22)
To these early Britons we owe what we prize most - FREEDOM,
KNOWLEDGE, and a HIGHER SENSE of RIGHT and WRONG. This goodly
heritage comes to us NEITHER FROM the Roman conquest NOR through
Roman influence.
MONTALEMBERT declares:
"It is in England that the nobility of man's nature has developed
all its splendour and attained its highest level. It is there
that the generous passion of INDEPENDENCE, united with the genius
of ASSOCIATION and the constant practice of SELF-GOVERNMENT, have
produced those MIRACLES of fierce energy, of dauntless COURAGE
and obstinate HEROISM which have TRIUMPHED over seas and climate,
time and distance, nature and tyranny, exciting the perpetual
envy of all nations, and among the English themselves a proud
enthusiasm. It is not however, for the British to pride
themselves as a SUPERIOR race, but rather that they are a
MINISTERING people, and that through them should FLOW THE
BLESSINGS OF PEACE AND GOODWILL TO ALL THE NATIONS OF THE
WORLD;
LOVING FREEDOM FOR ITSELF, and loving nothing without
FREEDOM.....Upon herself alone weighs the formidable
responsibility of her history."(23)
"Love thou thy land with love far brought
From out the storied Past, and used

Page 26
Within the Present, but transfused
Thro' future time by power and thought
True love turned round on fix'd poles
Love, that endures not sordid ends
For English natures, freemen, friends,
Thy brothers, and immortal souls."
Tennyson
1. Act. V, Sc. i.
2. Ibid.
3. Annals, XII, 38,39.
4. Beale Post, Britannic Researches, p.74.
5. Rev. R.W.Morgan, St.Paul in Britain, p.79.
6. Tacitus, Annals, XIV, 31.
7. Dion Cassius (Xiphilinus Excepta).
8. Beale Poste, Britannic Researches, P.411.
9. Dion Cassius (Xiphilinus Excepta).
10.Annals, XIV,37.
11.Triads of the Cymry.
12.Anglica Hibernia, ed. Camden, p.890.
13.Richard of Cirencester, Bk. I, Chap. III, note.
14.Rev. R.W.Morgan, St.Paul in Britain, p.104.
15.Collier's Eccl. History, Bk. I.
16. Martial, IV, 13; XI, 54.1
17.Cymbeline, Act 5, Sc. I.
18.Spartian's Vita Hadrian, Chap. I.
19. Zosimus VI, pp.376,381. Also du Bos, Gibbon, Procopius
Gildas and Bede.
20.Tacitus, Vita Agricola, XXX.
21.On the government of God, Salvian.
22.John Pym Teatman, Early English History, p. 9.
23.Monks of the West, Vol.II, pp.366,367.
THE ANGLO-SAXON INVASION
THE Anglo-Saxon invasion, which resulted in the most important
and complete of all the tribal settlements in Britain, took pace
between A.D.446 and 501.
In these incursions the Jutes and Angles were the first to
arrive, and the Angles being numerically the strongest
constituent, gave their name in this country to the entire group.
which on the Continent were known as Saxons.
Curiously enough a belief persists that the Anglo-Saxons on their
first arrival in this country were entirely pagan and that their

Page 27
conception of the Deity was expressed in the worship of numerous
gods of their own imaginative creation. The exponents of this
belief urge, in support of it, that memorials of these gods still
exist, as, for instance, in the names of the days of the week;
they cite Odin in connection with Wednesday as an outstanding
example. Belief supported on such ground does not hold a position
that is uncontestable. Grimm says: 'Among old Saxon and all
Teutonic nations Odin signifies Divinity'; Peterson likewise:
'Odin's name bears allusion to mind and thought and breathing; it
is the quickening, creating Power; it denotes the all-pervading
spiritual Godhead.'(1) Odin was, therefore, the Scandinavian name
for the Infinite Being.(2)
Confusion on this point arose in the minds of historians, owing
perhaps to the fact that Sigge, son of Fridulph, a pontiff prince
of Azoff in the Crimea, 72 B.C., took the name of Odin when he
assumed the leadership of the early Saxons, spiritually as well
as temporally, and led them with magnetic instinct from Asgard to
north-western Europe.(3) As the Gigla-Saga says, 'Sometimes a
chief's name referred to the Gos he especially worshipped.'(4)
Snorre, in his 'heimskringla' or 'Home Chronicles', tells how
Odin was a heroic prince in the Black Sea region, with twelve
peers and a great people straitened for room and how he led them
across Europe. Odin and his peers became heroes to the
descendants of these early saxons and as such passed into legend
and song,(5)
The modem Germans claim a share in the legends and traditions
that have accumulated around the name of Odin; that illustrious
individual, however, belonged exclusively to the Sakian (Saxon)
race, and was in no way connected ethnically with the Germans.(6)
With the anglo-Saxons as with the Britons, the king was the last
resort of justice and the source of all honour and mercy; he was
to be prayed for and revered of all men of their own will without
command, and was the special protector of all churches, of widows
and of foreigners.(7)
The Anglo-Saxon invasion had the effect of gradually pushing the
Celts to the west of England and south-west Scotland. when this
occurred and the Archbishop of Caerleon-on-Usk, London and York,
saw all the churches in their jurisdiction lying level with the
ground, they fled with all the clergy that remained after so
great a destruction, to the coverts of the woods in Wales, and to
Cornwall.(8) From this fact it is easily discernible how it came

Page 28
to pass that the Culdee or British Church has been associated to
so great an extent with Wales and Southern Scotland.
It has been said of the British Church that it made no effort to
convert the Saxons to Christianity. In connection several facts
stand out very clearly: Druidic religion had not yet died out in
Britain and the Saxons found sufficient similarity between their
own form of worship and that of ancient Britain to permit them to
unite under the ministrations of a Druidic hierarchy,(9) deriving
their religion, it may be concluded, from the same patriarchal
source as the Druids.
The Druidic law of tithing was observed by the Anglo-Saxons, as
by the Britons; the laws of Edward the Confessor speak of them as
claimed by Augustine and conceded by the king, Ethelbert.
The Saxons looked with suspicion on efforts to convert them to
Christianity by those whom they were endeavouring to subjugate,
and who, though worshippers of the Infinite Being, were still
non-Christian when, in 597, the Augustinian mission sent by Pope
Gregory to introduce the Latin form of Christianity, reached
these shores.
The British Church was not unaware of the errors of Rome, for we
have Columbanus, a saint (whom the Roman Church has calmly
annexed, as they have St.Patrick, St.Columba and other saints of
the primitive Church), writing to Pope Boniface IV 'Your Chair, O
Pope, is defiled with heresy. Deadly errors have crept into it;
it harbours horrors and impieties. Catholic? The true Catholicism
you have lost. The orthodox and the true Catholics are they who
have always zealously persevered in the true faith.'
The civil power of Rome being dead, the ecclesiastical power
began to rise on its ruins; and there may have been a connection
between the two processes. The loss of one sphere of power may
have helped to impel an ambitious people, accustomed to universal
dominion, to seek after another sphere of power. The ambition of
Pope Gregory became that also of the priest an delegate
Augustine, to see the world brought under the sway of the
fast-developing kingdom of Papal Rome, and when, in one day,
Augustine baptized 10,000 Saxons the news of these 'conversions'
created great joy in Rome.
The immediate success achieved by Augustine in Kent so impressed
Pope Gregory that he dispatched more missionaries and with them

Page 29
Church ornaments and vestments. Among these was the famous
'pallium'. This cloak, of ancient origin, the Roman emperors had
been accustomed to present to anyone whom they wished to mark
with special honour. When the Popes began to assume imperial
authority and to covet all the worldly splendour of the Caesars,
they adopted the practice of bestowing the 'pallium' on those
whom they wished to elevate.
The arrival of the 'pallium' in England for Augustine, was a
significant event. By favour of the Saxon king, Ethelbert, the
Roman Church was set up at Canterbury; it became the chief seat
of episcopal authority and was the origin of the Church known
today as the Church of England.
It will be observed that the origin of the British Church and
that of the Church of England are quite distinct, with an
interval of 560 years, and that the theory that Britain owes her
Christianity to Augustine is without foundation in fact.
The majority of the Saxons converted to Christianity in 597 soon
gave evidence that their hearts were unchanged; they quickly fell
away to their old religion. By 635 the Latin Church in Kent had
become reduced to inactivity through continual hostilities
between the Britons and Saxons, to be revived thirty years later
when Roman teaching and practices were imposed on the British
Church of Northumbria and to spread rapidly over the whole
country.
There was already at Canterbury the British church built by St.
Martin (traditionally the brother of St. Patrick's mother,
Conessa), who founded also various churches in Scotland, i.e.
Kilmartin, and later that of Tours with which he has been
historically associated. In passing it should be noted the
British Church founded the churches of Gaul. The Archbishops of
Treves were, according to the 'Tungrensian Chronicles,' always
supplied from Britain and, coming nearer Rome itself, St. Cadval,
a British missionary, founded in A.D.170 the Church at Tarentum,
after whom the Church at Tarento is still named.
The year 597, memorable alike for the death of St. Columba and
the arrival of Augustine, has other outstanding claims to notice.
When Augustine came he found in the province of the Angles seven
bishoprics and an archbishopric, all filled with most devout
prelates, and a great number of abbeys."(10)
The testimony of many writers that the intrusion of an emissary
of the Pope was resented and resisted by the British Church, is

Page 30
supported by facts of history.
At a council held shortly after Augustine's arrival he was told
that they 'knew no other Master than Christ', that 'they liked
not his new-fangled customs', and that they refused
subjection.(11) Augustine angrily replied, 'If we may not preach
the way of life to you, you shall at the hands of your enemies,
undergo their vengeance.' At the second conference with Augustine
the British Church was represented by seven of her prelates, and
although Baronius had the assurance to pronounce these bishops
guilty of schism, he allows their governments to have been
regular, and their faith orthodox. Both Augustine and his
successors, by making the submission of the Britons to their
authority, as metropolitans, the primary article of communion,
leave it beyond doubt that they were fully satisfied with the
purity of their doctrine, if not with the canonical succession of
their bishops.
The British Christians scorned the idea that identity in certain
tenets and practices with Papal Rome constituted even the shadow
of title, on the part of Papal Rome, to their allegiance. It is
then no matter for surprise that on their first meeting with
the delegate from Rome they should proclaim with one voice, 'We
have nothing to do with Rome; we know nothing of the Bishop of
Rome in his new character of the Pope; we are the British Church,
the Archbishop of which is accountable to God alone, having no
superior on earth.'
The Britons told Augustine they would not be subject to him, nor
allow him to pervert the ancient laws of their Church. This was
their resolution and they were as good as their word, for they
maintained the liberty of their Church for five hundred years
after his time, and were the last of all the Churches of Europe
to give up their power to Rome.(12) This fact cannot be set aside
in an unprejudiced study of British Church history: Rome found
here a Church older than herself, ramifications of which struck
into the very heart of the continent of Europe. The farther we go
back into British history, the clearer shines forth in all our
laws the fact that the British Crown, Church and people were
entirely independent of all foreign authority.(13)
All our great legal writers concur on this point. 'The ancient
British Church', writes Sir William Blackstone, 'by whomsoever
planted was a stranger to the bishop of Rome and all his
pretended authorities.'(14)

Page 31
The Christians of Britain could never understand why the Church
of Rome, because she professed certain truths, should arrogate
spiritual despotism over all who held the same. When Augustine
demanded of Dionoth, Abbot of Bangor Iscoed or Bangor-on-Dee,
that he acknowledge the authority of the Bishop of Rome the reply
of the Briton was a memorable one: 'We desire to love all-men,
but he whom you call "Pope" is not entitled to style himself
the "father of fathers" and the only submission we can render him
is that which we owe to every Christian.'(15)
Cadvan, Prince of wales, A.D.610, expresses himself thus to Abbot
of Banjor: 'All men may hold the same truth, yet no man can
hereby be drawn into slavery to another. If the Cymry believed
all that Rome believes, that would be as strong a reason for Rome
obeying us, as for us to obey Rome. It suffices for us that we
obey the Truth. If other men obey the Truth, are they therefore
to become subject to us? Then were the Truth of Christ made
slavery and not freedom.' (16),
Wilfrid, a clever young priest, who had been brought up in the
school of Iona, but had afterwards travelled to Rome and had
become fascinated by her customs and grandeur, threatened, in his
long-drawn suit with the See of Canterbury, in 670, to appeal to
Rome. The threat was received with laughter as a thing never
before heard of in England.(17)
The British church recognized the Scriptures alone for its rule
of faith,(18) was subject to no other Church on earth, and firmly
resisted the unwarranted intrusion of a Pope.
For almost two centuries Britain had been free from the
domination of Imperial Rome; this fact enabled the supporters of
the British Church at this time to quote the second canon of the
Council of Constantinople, held in A.D.381, which ordained that
the Churches that are without the Roman Empire should be governed
by their ancient customs.(19) But the canon was not held
sufficient by Augustine and his successors to justify the British
Church in its contention.
Though the doctrinal controversies which divided British and
Roman Churches may seem unimportant to us, they plainly show our
original ecclesiastical independence, and the stubborn resistance
of our Church fathers to papal pretensions to supremacy.(20)
Beyond all question, to the national Church of Britain belongs
that pre-eminence which the old British Triads claimed for it of

Page 32
being 'primary in respect to Christianity'.
The most famous of the British monasteries at the coming of
Augustine was the monastery of Bangor-on-Dee, Wales. Bishop
Dionoth presided over a flourishing body of Christians (numbering
some thousands) whose headquarters were at this monastery.(21)
The youths there educated were trained in Christian doctrine and
sent forth as missionaries and teachers. Bangor, like Iona, was
renowned for its zeal in propagating Christianity abroad. The
refusal of its bishop, Dionoth, to acknowledge the authority of
the Pope was the first of a long series of denials of the
authority of the Pope in Britain.(22)
At the Synod of Chester held in 601, there were present, besides
Augustine and some of his followers, seven British bishops and
many men of great learning from the monastery of Bangor-on-Dee.
Augustine, at this Synod, suffered a second defeat; the general
assembly spoke out against the encroachments of Rome. 'The
Britons', they exclaimed, 'cannot submit either to the
haughtiness of the Romans, or the tyranny of the Saxons.'(23)
Augustine did not live to take vengeance on these early
protestors; it was left to his successor to lead the Saxons
against them, and in the massacre of Bangor, A.D.613, twelve
hundred Christians perished.(24)
William of Malmesbury, A.D.1143, describes the ruins of Bangor
Abbey in his day as those of a city - the most extensive he had
seen in the kingdom.(25) Two other foundations in Britain
retained their superiority over all others of a later date, under
every change of ruler till the Reformation - St. Albans and
Glastonbury.
The next, interference of papal Rome with British customs took
place in A.D.664, the excuse for this attempt being the correct
date for the observance of Easter.
King Oswy of Northumbria, with his brother Okwald, was converted
by missionaries from Iona while in exile for seventeen years in
Scotland, during the reign of the rival king, Edwin. Oswy
adhered, naturally, to the usages of the Culdee Church, having
been taught by the Scots. His queen, daughter of Ethelbert, King
of Kent, had been brought up to observe the Latin way of
reckoning, and each year the strange anomaly occurred of the king
and his followers, observing one day and the queen observing
another day for the Easter festival.

Page 33
The queen's chaplain, Romanus, and Wilfrid, tutor to the princes,
were priests of the Roman Church, and urged the acknowledgment of
the Roman calculation for Easter as being correct. At last the
king resolved that the whole question would be debated May
and settled once and for all at the Synod of Whitby.(26)
Bishop Colman (Culdee Church of Northumbria) pleaded the British
cause as having been derived from his forefathers and originating
in the teaching of St. John. Wilfrid, a cleverer man, was on the
papal side and ridiculed British custom as compared with that of
the Apostle 'to whom Christ had given the keys of heaven'. The
king, eager to learn the truth, inquired further into this
statement. Colman, simpleminded and honest, admitted that these
words applied to St.Peter. The king then asked Wilfrid whether
Christ had really given the keys of authority to Peter. Wilfrid
answered in the affirmative, whereupon the king decided in favour
of the papal party. Colman resigned his bishopric, and with many
of his clergy went back to Iona, from which monastery he had come
to Northumbria, and where the ancient British Easter continued to
be observed for many years.
From the day of the historic Synod of Whitby the province ruled
to observe Easter the Latin way; the British Church, though
proven to be the oldest national Church in the world, as
confirmed by the Councils of Arles, Basle, Pisa, Constance and
Sienna, was more and more coerced into conforming to papal
customs and claims. For a time there were in Britain two Churches
- the old British and the new Roman.
At the Council of Hertford, A.D.673, only nine years after the
Synod of Whitby, presided over by Archbishop Theodore, the
British Church was condemned as non-Catholic.(27)
Wilfrid, at an assembly at Nesterfield, near Ripon, A.D.705,
declared, 'Was not I the first after the death of those great men
sent by St.Gregory, to root out the poisonous seeds sown by
Scottish missionaries? Was it not I who converted and brought the
whole nation of the Northumbrians to the true Easter and an
tonsure?'(28)
In A.D.705 Adelm wrote to the Britons as being outside the
'Catholic' Church. 'The precepts of your bishops', he says, 'are
not in accord with Catholic faith.(29) . . . We adjure you not to
persevere in your arrogant contempt of the decrees of St.Peter
and the traditions of the Roman Church by a proud and tyrannical

Page 34
attachment to the statutes of your ancestors.'(30)
The British Church, now openly declared heretical by Rome,
struggled on for a time as a separate Church, and was known,
particularly from this time, by the original title, 'The Culdee
Church', as distinct from the Roman, and its ecclesiastics
referred to by the Latin intruders as the 'British clergy'.
Adamnan, the first of the Ionian Culdees to swerve from the
faith, strained every nerve to reduce the monks of Iona to Roman
Catholic obedience. Bede says that Adamnan in A.D.679 visited the
churches of Northumbria and Ireland and brought almost all of
them that were not under the domination of Hii (Iona) to the
'Catholic' unity.
The resistance of the premier monastery (Iona), the abbot of
which was viewed as the primate of all the Hibernian bishops,
prevailed for a time to retain their liberties. By the eleventh
century, however, the Iona Church had become thoroughly Romanized
and had sunk into comparative unimportance.
Of Palladius, a Culdee of the fifth century who had visited Rome
and had become a Romanizing bishop, Fordun says: 'Before whose
coming the Scots had, as teachers of the faith and administers of
the Sacraments, presbyters only and monks, following the order of
the primitive Church.'(31)
Kentigern (St.Mungo), A.D.514, is numbered among those who
adorned the name of Culdee: for many years he was the disciple
of St.Servan at Culross who taught and preached there as a
Christian missionary, according to the system of the ancient
British Church.
The Culdees or British clergy were, from Augustine's day, in
constant collision with the, Raman clergy; the Culdees seem to
have been too much in love with simple Bible truth to find favour
with those who aimed at wealth and power. Even the Venerable Bede
could not escape the prejudices of his 'modern' times, saying:
'The Culdees followed uncertain rules in the observance of the
great festival (Easter) practising only such works of piety and
chastity as they could learn from the prophetical, evangelical
and apostolical writings.'(32)

Page 35
It is of consequence to note that in the early accounts which we
have of the state of the Church, the final appeal in all
doctrinal questions is to the Scriptures. It was remarked by
Polydore Vergil that Gildas, in his long letter on the state of
the Britons, quoted no book but the Bible,(33) and certainly his
quotations from it show on the part of the British historian a
very thorough acquaintance with the Word of God. At this period
of
the Church (fifth century) the Scriptures were very generally
disseminated,(34) and men used such translations of the sacred
text as commended themselves to their own judgment. The
withholding of the Bible from the people and the exclusion of
every translation from use but the Latin translation, even among
the ministers of the Church, belonged to the ecclesiastical
legislation of a later and more corrupt age; an age when
ecclesiastical power came to be based not on the intelligence but
on the ignorance of the people.(35)
The Culdee or British Church had pervaded Britain with the
knowledge of the Gospel, and for centuries after the domination
of Rome the Culdees continued to hold services frequently in the
same Church with Roman priests.
The catalogues of their books show beyond a doubt that the
ancient British ecclesiastics were not destitute of literary
culture.(36) Corruption was powerfully retarded by the firmness
of the hierarchy of the Culdees; they were looked up to as the
depositaries of the original national faith, and were most highly
respected for sanctity and learning. They acquired great
missionary zeal and great numbers of them went forth as
missionaries and Christianized the whole of Europe from Iceland
to the Danube.(37) This is a fact of history which has been
diligently suppressed, but it is a fact which cannot be denied.
It is remarkable that while the Church of Rome was sending her
emissaries to "Christianize" the Saxons, the Celtic Church was
sending her missionaries to convey the Gospel of salvation to
France.(38)
Dr.Wylie says: 'It was the Culdee lamp that burned at Constance,
at Basle, at Ypres, at Worms and Mainz. Boniface, the emissary of
Rome, came afterwards to put out these lights. The real apostle
of the provinces was the Culdee Church.'
A study of the history of the Culdee Church shows that wherever
the influence of Rome prevailed its clergy were removed; not,
however, without resistance. But the struggle was a hopeless one.

Page 36
The Charter of David of Scotland (1084-1155), who was an adherent
of the Latin Church, runs thus: 'David rex Scotorum, etc. Be it
known, that we have granted to the Canons of St.Andrews the
Canonical Order; and if the Culdees who shall be found there,
remain with them, living according to rule, they may continue to
do so in peace; but if any one of them resist, we order hereby
that he be ejected from the island.'
In this high-handed manner was the property of the Church
transferred to the Roman hierarchy. Only a century earlier
Macbeth and his queen are recorded in the register of this same
Priory of St.Andrews as the liberal benefactors of the Culdee
monastery at Loch Leven.(39)
The property which the Culdees held in their own right was
gradually confiscated by the Latin hierarchy until the day came
when they were dispossessed of everything, including their
ancient privileges, and were absorbed into the Cathedral Chapters
of the Roman Church.(40)
Ledwich, the Irish antiquarian, says: 'The Culdees did not adopt
the corruptions and superstitions which had contaminated
Christianity for centuries. They preserved their countrymen from
the baleful contagion and, at length, fell a sacrifice in defence
of the ancient faith. Superstition found in them her most
determined foes. The Culdees continued until a new race of monks
arose, as inferior to them in learning and piety as they
surpassed them in wealth and ceremonies, by which they captivated
the eyes and infatuated the hearts of men. The conduct of the
Romanizers towards the Culdees was uniformly persecuting; and by
force, cunning and seduction of every kind, by degrees bereft
them of their privileges and institutions.'(41)
The monks of the papal Church were almost wholly employed in
metaphysical or chronological disputes, legends, miracles and
martyrologies - a sad contrast to the pure Scriptural teaching
disseminated by the Culdees.
The history of the Culdee Church in Ireland is largely the
history of that church in England, Scotland and Wales, except
that in the case of Ireland she did not come, national, under the
domination of rome until 1172, five centuries later than in
England.

Page 37
From this fact may be accounted the theory held by many
historians that the Culdee and Irish Church were synonymous
terms, and that from it the Culdees spread to other parts of
Britain and, further, it accounts for the strength of that Church
in Ireland centuries after its submission to papal claims in
England and elsewhere.
O'Driscoll, a noted Roman Catholic writer, states 'The ancient
Order of the Culdees existed in Ireland previous to Patrick; and
all their institutions proved that they were derived from a
different origin from that of Rome.'(42) This celebrated Order
gave many eminent men to the Irish Church, and to Scotland and to
other parts of the world, among whom Columbkill has still a name
in Ireland as venerable and revered as that of Patrick himself.
The Church discipline of the Culdees seems to have afforded the
model for the modern Presbyterian establishment of Scotland.'(43)
The mission of Palladius in A.D.421 signally failed. His effort
to introduce papal Christianity in Wicklow met with firm
resistance, and shortly afterwards he left the country.(44)
The following year, St.Patrick, who belonged to the Culdee
Church, began his work as a missionary revivalist. Christianity,
according to Gildas, had been introduced to Ireland three and a
half centuries earlier and, according to tradition, about the
same date by Caradoc, the Silurian king. Caradoc, is said, while
a prisoner at Rome, was converted to Christianity by St.Paul, and
it is to his children, Linus and Claudia, and his son-in-law
Pudens that St.Paul sends a greetings in his second letter
to Timothy.
From the days of St. Patrick to the reign of Henry II the Church
in Ireland was renowned, not only for its learning but for its
missionary zeal. Its evangelists spread the light of Truth
wherever they travelled in Britain and to many places on the
Continent, where the monasteries (afterwards Romanized) were set
up on Culdee foundations. To these, many of the Culdee monks fled
for refuge in the ninth and tenth centuries when Ireland was so
sorely ravaged by the Danes. They took with them, for safety,
many of their precious manuscripts, which may, in a future day,
should they be discovered, throw valuable light on the early
Christian Church in these Islands.
O'Driscoll presents a true picture of the early Irish Church when
he says: 'The Christian Church of that country, as founded by St.
Patrick, existed for many centuries free and unshackled. For

Page 38
about seven hundred years this Church maintained its
independence. It had no connection with England, and differed on
points of importance from Rome. The first work of Henry II was to
reduce the Church of Ireland into obedience to the Roman Pontiff.
Accordingly he procured a Council of Irish Clergy to be held in
Cashel in 1172, and the combined influence and intrigues of Henry
and the Pope prevailed. This Council put an end to the ancient
Church of Ireland; she submitted to the yoke of Rome. This
ominous apostasy has been followed by a series of calamities
hardly to be equalled in the world. From the days of Patrick to
the Council of Cashel was a bright and glorious career for
Ireland. From the sitting of the Council to our own times the lot
of Ireland has been unmixed evil and all her history a tale of
woe.'(45)
The following letter tells a curious story. It is from the Bishop
of Mentz to Shane O'Neill, the Irish chief and rebel, dated from
Rome, April 28th, 1528, in the name of the Pope and Cardinals:
'My dear Son O'Neill - Thou and thy fathers are all along
faithful to the Mother Church of Rome. His Holiness Paul
III, now Pope, and the Council of the Holy Fathers there,
have lately found a prophecy of one St.Lazerianus, an Irish
Bishop of Cashel, wherein he saith that the Mother Church of
Rome falleth, when in Ireland the Catholic faith is
overcome. Therefore, for the glory of the Mother Church, the
honour of St.Peter, and your own secureness, suppress heresy
and His Holiness's enemies, for when the Roman faith there
perisheth, the See of Rome falleth also. Therefore, the
Council of Cardinals have thought fit to encourage your
Country of Ireland as a Sacred Island; being certified,
whilst the Mother Church hath a son of worth as yourself,
and those that shall succour you and join therein, that she
will never fall, but have more or less hold in Britain, in
spite of fate.'(46)
This letter was written in the reign of Henry VIII when the first
indications were received with alarm by the Roman hierarchy, of
the approaching end of papal domination and of the mighty change
about to take place in these realms.
1. Oxford Icelandic Dictionary.
2. See Prelim. Dissert. Laing's 'Heimskrongla,' p.86.
3. See H. Munro Chadwick, 'The Origin of the English,' p.32

Page 39
4. Oxford Icelandic Dictionary.
5. Rollaston, Mazzaroth, III, 23.
6. Bruce Hannay, 'European and Other Race Origins,' p.456.
7. 'Annals of England,' Vol. I, p.164.
8. Geoffrey of Monmouth, Bk. XI, Chap. X.
9. Palgrave, 'History of the Anglo-Saxons,' p.44.
10.Geoffrey of Monmouth, Bk. XI, Chap. XII.
11.Brit. MSS. quoted in the second volume of the Horae
Britannicae, p.267. Spelman's 'Concilia,' p.108.
12.Bede, E. H., Chap. II, 2. Haddan and Stubbs, 'Councils,'
III, 38 'Hist. of Wales' (1911), p.173.
13.Bacon, 'Government of England,' p.13.
14.'Laws of England,' Vol.IV, p.105.
15.Hengwst MSS. Geoffrey of Monmouth, Bk. XI, Chap. XII. Humphrey
Lloyd, 'Sebright' MSS.
16.Caerwys, MSS.
17.Paton, 'Brit. History and Papal Claims,' p.4.
18.Bede, 'Eccles.History,' Bk. III, Chap. 4.
19.Paper in the 'Ecclesiastic' for April 1864 on Dr. Todd's 'St.
Patrick.' Concilia Constantiano Theodore-Martin (Lovar), 1517.
20.McCallum, 'History of the Culdees,' pp.60,61.
21.Ban-gor, 'Magnus Circulus.'
22.MS. in the Mostyn Collection.
23.'Annals Cambraiae,' CLVII.
24.D'Aubigne, 'History Reform,' Vol. V. Milman, 'History of Latin
Christianity,' Vol. II, p.234. 'Annales Cambraiae,' VLXIX.
25.Malmes, History of the Kings, p.308.
26.Malmes, 'History of the Kings,' p.308.
27.Haddon & Stubbs, III, pp.256 ff.
28.Montalembert, 'Monks of the West,' Vol. IV, p.79.
29.Adelmi opp., ed. Giles, pp.24 ff. Monumenta Germ. History
Tom, III, pp.231 ff.
30.'Monks of the West,' Vol. IV, p.233.
31.Scotichron, Lib. III, Chap. VIII.
32.'Eccles. History,' III, Chap. IV.
33. 'De Excid. Britt.'
34.Williams, 'Early Christianity in Britain,' p.447. Ulphilos,
Bishop of the Goths (A.D.38), MS. in the Library of Upsal
Naseau, VIII, 40.
35.'Vide' Ussher's 'Historia Dogmatica.'
36.Keith Bish. App., p.5871. 'Regist Priorat,' St.Andree,
p. 17.
37.Dasent, Introduction to 'Burnt-Nyal,' p. vii. 'De Mensura
Orbis,' written by Dicuil an Irish monk, in the year A.D.835.
38.D'Aubigne, 'Hist. of the Reformation,' Vol. IV. McLauchlan

Page 40
'The Early Scottish Church,' p.216: 'There was a Continental
mission scheme in Scotland as early at 588.'
39.Registrum Prioralus St. Andree, p.188, Keith Catalogue of
Scottish Bishops, p.9.
40.Alexander, 'Ter-Centenary of the Scottish Reformation' (Edin.
860), pp.13,17.
41.Ledwich's 'Antiquities.'
42.'Vide' Reeve's 'Culdees,' p.25.
43.'Hist. of Ireland,' pp.26,27.
44.Bury, 'Life of St. Patrick,' pp.44,45.
45.'Views of Ireland,' Vol. II, p.84.
46.Mant's, 'History of the Irish Church,' p.140.
DRUIDISM
THE popular belief that Druidism was the religion of ancient
Britain and nothing more is entirely erroneous. Duidism was, in
fact, the centre and source from which radiated the whole system
of organized civil and ecclesiastical knowledge and practice of
the country.(1)
The Order constituted its church and parliament; its courts of
law, its colleges of physicians and surgeons, its magistracy and
clergy. The members of the Order were its statesmen, legislators,
priests, physicians, lawyers, teachers and poets.
The truth about the Druids, to be found amongst fragments of
literature and in folk-memory, is that they were men of culture,
well-educated, equitable and impartial in the administration of
justice. These ancient leaders of thought and instruction in our
islands had lofty beliefs as to the character of the one God,
Creator and Preserver, and of man's high origin and destiny.
There is reason to believe that this doctrine included the need
for atonement or sin and the resurrection of the body.
To reverence the Deity, abstain from evil and behave valiantly
were, according to Laertius, the three grand articles enjoined by
the Druids,((2)
In Druidism the British nation had a high standard of religion,
justice and patriotism presented to it, and a code of moral
teaching that has never ceased to influence national character

Page 41
It has been frequently stated that the name 'Druid' is derived
from Drus, an oak; the oak was held by the Druids to symbolize
and eternal. The idea arose from the apparent similarity of the
two words, Drus and Druid, and was merely incidental. A much more
likely derivation is from Druthin, a 'servant of Truth.'(3)
The motto of the Druidic Order, "The Truth Against the World" was
the principle on which Druidism was based and by which it offered
itself to be judged.
"It, may be asked," says the Venerable Archdeacon Williams, "how
has it come to pass, if great events marked the epoch between the
departure of the Romans and the death of Bede, that the whole
history is so obscure, and that no literary documents remain to
prove the wisdom of the teachers and the docility of the people?
The answer is very plain. Such documents do exist; they have been
published, for more than half a century but have hitherto wanted
an equate interpreter."(4)
The published compositions of the Druids and remains of their
works. The Myvyrian MSS. a alone, now in the British Museum,
amount to 47 volumes of poetry, containing about 4,700 pieces of
poetry, in 1,600 pages, besides about 2,000 epigrammatic stanzas.
Also in the same collection a 52 volumes of rose, in about 15,300
pages, containing many curious documents on various subjects,
being 17th or 18th compilations embodying early writings.
Besides there are a vast number of collections of Welsh MSS in
London and in private libraries in the Principality.(5)
In A.D. 383 Druidism, while accepting Christianity, submitted to
the judgment and verdict of country and nation the ancient
privileges and usages; the ancient learning, science and
memorials were confirmed, lest they should fail, become lost and
forgotten - this was done without contradiction or opposition.(6)
The education system adopted by the druids is traced to about
1800 B.C., when Hu Gadarn Hysicion (Isaacson),(7) or Hu the
Mighty, led the first colony of Cymri into Britain from
Defrobane, where Constantinople now stands.(8)
In the justly celebrated Welsh Triads, Hu Gadarn is said to have
mnemonically systematized the wisdom of the ancients of these
people whom he led west from the Summerland. He was regarded as
the personification of intellectual culture and is commemorated
in Welsh archaeology for having made poetry the vehicle of
memory, and to have been the inventor of the Triads. To him is
attributed the founding of Stonehenge and the introduction of

Page 42
several arts including glass-making and writing in Ogham
characters. On Hu Gadarn's standard was depicted the Ox; in this
possibly may be discovered the origin of the sobriquet, 'John
Bull.' Hu established, among other regulations, that a Gorsedd or
Assembly of Druids and Bards must be held on an open, uncovered
grass space, in a conspicuous place, in full view and hearing of
all the people.
Concerning the educational facilities available to the so-called
barbarous people of these islands, there were at the time of the
Roman invasion forty Druidic centres of learning which were also
the capitals of the forty tribes; of these forty known centres
nine have entirely disappeared. These forty college were each
presided over by a Chief Druid (9) There were also in Britain
three Archdruids, whose seats were at York, London and
Caerleon-on-Usk.
The territories of the forty tribes (the original of our modern
counties) preserve for the most part the ancient tribal limits.
Yorkshire, for instance, retains the same disproportionate
magnitude to our other counties - the territory of the large and
powerful tribe, the Brigantes.
The students at these colleges numbered at times sixty thousand
of the youth and young nobility of Britain and Gaul. Caesar
comments on the fact that the Gauls sent their youth to Britain
to be educated. One notable instance has been mentioned by J. O.
Kinnaman,D.D., in his work on Archaeology: "Pilate was not a
Roman by nationality, but by citizenship. He was born a Spaniard
and educated in Spain as far as the schools of that country could
take him. Then he went to Britain to study in the universities of
that country under the administration of the Druids. How long he
studied in England is not now known; it was Pilate's ambition to
become a Roman lawyer and the future governor of Palestine
studied long enough in Britain to achieve not only this ambition
but to absorb the Druidic philosophy rather than the Greek and
Roman. 'Vide' Pilate's question to our Lord as they were walking
out of the Praetorium, 'What is Truth?'(10) This was a question
which the Druids were accustomed to debate."(11)
It required twenty years to master the complete circle of
Druidic knowledge. Natural philosophy, astronomy, mathematics,
geometry, medicine, jurisprudence, poetry and oratory were all
proposed and taught - natural philosophy and astronomy with
severe exactitude. (12)

Page 43
Caesar says of the Druids:
"They hold aloof from war and do not pay war taxes; they are
excused from military service and exempt from all liabilities.
Tempted by these great advantages, many young men assemble of
their own motion to receive their training, many are sent by
parents and relatives. Report says that in the schools of the
Druids they learn by heart a great number of verses, and
therefore some persons remain twenty years under training. They
do not think it proper to commit these utterances to writing,
although in almost all other matters, and in their public and
private accounts they make use of Greek characters. I believe
that they have adopted the practice for two reasons - that they
do not wish the rule to become common property, nor those who
learn the rule to rely on writing, and so neglect the cultivation
of the memory; and, in fact, it does usually happen that the
assistance of writing tends to relax the diligence of the student
and the action of memory.... They also lecture on the stars in
their motion, the magnitude of the earth and its divisions, on
natural history, on the power and government of God; and instruct
the youth on these subjects."(14)
While the Druids used writing for all other subjects taught in
their colleges, they never used this in connection with the
subject of religion To the spread of Christianity we owe most of
the information we possess of the Druidic religion; their secret
laws gradually relaxed as they became Christian, and some of heir
theology was then committed to writing.
Dr. Henry, in his 'Histor of England,' has observed that
collegiate or monastic institutions existed among the Druids.(15)
Caesar several times calls the Druidic institution a
'disciplina,'(16) a term that implies a corporate life
organization as well as the possession of learning. Mela speaks
of the Druids as 'teachers of wisdom,'(17) The affirmation of
Diodorus that 'some whom they call Druids, are very highly
honoured as philosophers and theologians' is repeated by
Hippolytus. (18)
Not only the supreme king, but every other king
had his Druid and Bard attached to his court. This Druidic
chaplain had charge of the education of the youthful members of
the house, but was also allowed to have other pupils. He taught
and lectured on all appropriate occasions, often out-of-doors,
and when travelling through the territory of his chief, or from

Page 44
one territory to another, his pupils accompanied him, still
receiving instruction; when, however, the pupils exceeded in
number that which he was entitled by law on such occasions to
have accommodated as his own company at a house, those in excess
were almost always freely entertained by neighbours in the
locality.
The chief poet seems to have been always accompanied by a number
of assistants of various degrees, who had not yet arrived at the
highest attainment of their profession.(19)
The theological students were given a particularly long course of
training, and no Druidic priest could be ordained until he had
passed three examinations in three successive years before the
Druidic college of his tribe. The head of the clan possessed a
veto on every ordination.(20)
By very stringent laws the number of priests was regulated in
proportion to the population; and none could be a candidate for
the priesthood who could not in the previous May Congress of the
tribe prove his descent from nine successive generations of free
forefathers. Genealogies, therefore were guarded with the
greatest care. This barrier to promiscuous admission had the
effect of closing the Order almost entirely to all but the
Blaenorion or aristocracy, making it literally a 'Royal
Priesthood'.
Degrees were conferred after three, six and nine years training.
The highest degree, that of Pencerdd or Athro (Doctor of
Learning), was conferred after nine years. All degrees were given
by the king or in his presence, or by his license before a
deputy, at the end of every three years.(21)
Druidic physicians were skilled in the treatment of the sick;
their practice was far removed from the medicine-man cult, so
unfairly ascribed to them by their contemporary enemies, and
lightly followed ever since. They prayed to God to grant a
blessing on His gifts, conscious that it should always be
remembered that no medicine could be effective nor any physician
successful without Divine help. The chief care of the
physicians was to prevent rather than to cure disease. Their
recipe for health was cheerfulness, temperance and exercise.(22)
Certainly the power of physical endurance displayed by the early
Britons was a strong testimony to the salutary laws of hygiene
enforced and the general mode of life encouraged by the Druids.
Human bones which had been fractured and re-set by art have been

Page 45
found in Druidic tumuli.(23)
Astronomers were deeply versed in every detail of their
profession; such classic judges of eminence as Cicero and Caesar,
Pliny and Tacitus, Diodorus Siculus and Strabo, speak in high
terms of the Druid astronomers.
Strabo has left us a vivid description of the dress of the
Britons of his day. On the visit to Athens of the British Druid
astronomer Abaris (Hebrew Rabbi) the Greek geographer writes:
"He came not clad in skins like a Scythian, but with a bow in his
hand, a quiver hanging on his shoulders, a plaid wrapped about
his body, a gilded belt encircling his loins, and trousers
reaching down from the waist to the soles of his feet. He was
easy in his address; agreeable in his conversation; active in his
dispatch and secret in his management of great affairs; quick in
judging of present accuracies, and ready to take his part in any
sudden emergency; provident withal in guarding against futurity;
diligent in the quest of wisdom; fond of friendship; trusting
very little to fortune, yet having the entire confidence of
others, and trusted with everything for his prudence. He spoke
Greek with a fluency that you would have thought that he had been
bred up in the Lyceum; and conversed all his life with the
academy of Athens. This visit oft was long remembered at Athens."
This visit of the British Druid was long remembered at Athens.
Abaris travelled extensively in Greece; Greek fancy transformed
the magnetic needle by which he guided his travels into an arrow
of Apollo which would transport him at wish whithersoever he
pleased.(24)
Ammianus Marcellus, A.D. 350, says, "The Druids are men of
penetrating and subtle spirit, and acquired the highest renown by
their speculations, which were at once subtle and profound.(25)
Pomponius Mela(26) plainly intimates that the Druids were
conversant with the most sublime speculations in geometry and in
measuring the magnitude of the earth
Stonehenge, 'the Greenwich Observatory' and great solar clock of
ancient times, was pre-eminently an astronomical circle.
Heliograph and beacon were both used by the ancient British
astronomer in signalling the time and the seasons, the result of
observations, for the daily direction of the agriculturist and
the trader.

Page 46
The unit of measure employed in the erection of Stonehenge, and
all other works of this nature in our islands was the cubit, the
same as used in the Great Pyramid.(27)
The supposed magic of the Druids consisted in a more thorough
knowledge of some of the sciences than was common. - astronomy,
for instance. Diodorus Siculus states that the Druids used
telescopes (28) - this evidently is the origin of the story that
the Druids could by magic bring the moon down to the earth.
Many of the wells on Druidic sites, known today as holy wells,
were the old telescope wells of the Druids, connected with their
astronomical observations.(29) The old saying, 'Truth lies at the
bottom of a well', comes down to us from those ancient times.
British architects trained in Druidic colleges were in great
demand on the Continent. In this country the profession of
architect was legally recognized. There were three offices of
chief Architect,(30) the holders of which were privileged to go
anywhere without restriction throughout the country, provided
they did not go unlawfully.
James Ferguson, the writer of one of our best histories of
architecture, says: "The true glory of the Celt in Europe is his
artistic eminence, and it is not too much to assert that without
his intervention we should not have possessed in modern times a
church worthy of admiration, or a picture, or a statue we could
look at without shame, and, had the Celts not had their arts
nipped in the bud by circumstances over which they had no
control, we might have seen something that would have shamed even
Greece and wholly eclipsed the arts of Rome. . . . The Celts
never lived sufficiently long apart from other races to develop a
distinct form of nationality, or to create either a literature or
a policy by which they could be certainly recognized; they mixed
freely with the people among whom they settled and adopted their
manners and customs ."(31)
C.J.Solinus, the Roman geographer, in his description of Britain,
mentions the hot springs of Bath, and the magnificence with which
the baths at that place had already been decorated by the use of
bathers.(32)
The primitive religion of Britain associated in so many minds
with the worship of the heavenly bodies, was the worship of the_
'Lord of Hosts,' the Creator of the Great Lights, the sun and

Page 47
moon, not the worship of the heavenly bodies themselves. The
Universe was the Bible of the ancients, the only revelation of
the Deity vouchsafed them. The wonders of nature were to them as
the voice of the All-Father, and by the movement of the heavenly
bodies they ordered their lives, fixed religious festivals and
all agricultural proceedings.
The way to Christianity for the early inhabitants of Britain was
traced by Nature herself, and from Nature to Nature's God. St.
Paul, in his letter to the Corinthians, writes, "Howbeit that was
not first which is spiritual, but that which is natural; and
afterward that which is spiritual."
Strabo observes that the care of worshipping the Supreme Being is
great among the British nation; and the history of Hume records
that no religion ever swayed the minds of men like the
Druidic.(33)
It has been said that the Druidic Circles cannot, in strictness,
be termed temples, for the Druids taught that there were but two
habitations of the Deity - the soul, the invisible - the
universe, the visible. The word 'temple,' in its primitive
meaning, is simply a place cut off, enclosed, dedicated to sacred
use, whether a circle of stones, a field or a building. In the
old British language a temple or sanctuary was called a 'caer',
a sacred fenced enclosure. The stone circles or caers of Britain
were therefore, essentially temples and held so sacred by the
people that reverent behaviour in their vicinity was universal.
Joshua, it will be remembered, by God's command, erected a circle
at Gilgal (circle) immediately upon the arrival of the chosen
People in the Promised Land.
The British 'caer' has no connection with 'castra.'
There seems, however, to be no doubt that generally the chambered
barrows and cairns of Britain were used as temples; several
points in their construction lead to this assumption.
Mr.MacRitchie, in his "Testimony of Tradition," mentions several
of these points, among them fireplaces and flues for carrying
away smoke.
Sir Norman Lockyer (34) states: "Mr. Spence has pointed out the
extreme improbability of Maeshowe (Orkney) being anything but a
temple and, I may now add, on the Semitic model. There was a
large central hall and side-rooms for sleeping, a stone door

Page 48
which could have been opened or shut from the inside, and a niche
for a guard, janitor or hall porter.(35)
The great circle and temple known as Avebury ('Ambresbiri, the
Holy Anointed Ones') is of special interest as the Westminster
abbey of ancient times,(36) the last resting place of princes,
priests and statesmen, warriors, poets and musicians. One of the
old Druids alluding to Avebury calls it 'The Great Sanctuary
the Dominion'"(37)
The Circles or temples were composed of monoliths upon which the
employment of metal for any purpose was not permitted. Druidic
worship was without figure or sculpture of any kind.(38)
The monolithic avenues, symbolic of the sun's path through the
Zodiac, were in some instances seven miles long. The national
religious procession moved through these to the circle on the
three great festivals of the year. In several of our own
cathedrals we have the signs of the Zodiac, represented as sacred
emblems on the tiles of the sanctuary floor, for instance at
Canterbury and Rochester.
In his description of the temple at Jerusalem, Josephus states:
"The loaves on the table, twelve in number, symbolized the circle
of the Zodiac."(39)
Druidic services were held while the sun was above the horizon;
the performing of ceremonies at any other time was forbidden by
law.(40) The Chief Druid, or the Archdruid when he was present,
occupied a position by a large central stone, approaching it with
a sword carried by its point to signify his own readiness to
suffer in the cause of truth.(41) This central stone
called 'Maen Llog,' or the Stone of the Covenant, and now
distinguished by the name of Cromlech, was in Ireland called
'Bethel.'(42) or the house of God. Near to it was another, which
received in a cavit water direct from the clouds. This water, and
the waters the river Dee (called Drydwy, the Divine water), the
Jordan of ancient Britain, were the only waters permitted to be
used in Druidic sacrifices.
In the 'Faerie Queen' Spenser speaks of the:
' . . Dee which Britons long ygone
Did call divine, that doth by Chester tend.'

Page 49
For centuries after Druidism had merged into Christianity the Dee
continued to be regarded as a sacred river. A striking instance
of folk-memory is recorded in connection with the Battle of
Britain, A.D.613, when Dionoth, Abbot of Bangor, delivered an
oration to the defeated Britons (who had retreated along the
banks of the river), and concluded by ordering the soldiers to
kiss the ground in commemoration of the body of Christ, and to
take up the water in their hands out of the river Dee and drink
it in remembrance of His sacred blood. This act gave the men
fresh courage; they met the Saxons bravely, and Ethelfrid, the
Northumbrian invader, was defeated.(43)
The Bards of Britain, whose office it was to cultivate the
art of music and poetry as well as literature are referred to by
Strabo as hymn-makers,(44) they were responsible for the temple
music and for the conduct of the musical part of the temple
services. On these occasions they wore white robes - from this
custom has descended our English Church custom of clothing the
choristers in white surplices.(45)
It was not until the fist century A.D. that the Jews
introduced the wearing of surplices into their services.
Josephus states: "Now as many of the Levites as were singers of
hymns persuaded the king (Agrippa) to assemble a Sanhedrin and to
give them leave to wear linen garments as well as the priests;
for, they said, this would be a work worthy of the times of his
government, that he might have a memorial of such a novelty as
being his doing; nor did they fail of obtaining their
desire."(46)
Referring to Stonehenge, Hecataeus, a Greek writer, 320 B .C.,
says that the people living these islands worshipped in a
beautiful temple, whose minstrels hymned with their golden
harps,(47) the praise of the god they adored, and whose
priesthood was a regular descent from father to son.
While every British subject was entitled at birth to five
British(ten English) acres of land for a home in the hereditary
county of his clan, priests were entitled to ten acres (twenty
English),(48) exemption from combative military service,
permission to pass unmolested from one district to another in
time of war, maintenance when absent on duty from their home, and
contribution from every plough in their district.
The ceremonial dress of the Archdruid was extremely gorgeous, no
metal but gold being used on any part of it. The Cymric Cross was

Page 50
wrought in gold down the length of the back of the robe; he wore
a gold tiara and a breastplate of the same precious metal.(49) A
breastplate was found in an excavated cist at Stonehenge, on the
skeleton of an important Briton,(50) Five similar breastplates
have been found in Britain and Ireland.
The Chevron Bead, a bead encased in gold was worn by the
Archdruid as a symbol of the Deity(51) and designated by the
Roman historians the 'Druid's Egg', around which so much legend
has been woven by the imaginative uninformed, who saw in the
symbol only a talisman endowed with most magical powers.
The stories that are told and believed of human sacrifice by
the Druids are pure inventions of the Romans to cover their
own cruelty and to excuse it. The Druids sacrificed sheep, oxen,
deer and goats; charred remains of these have been found at
Avebury, Stonehenge and in the vicinity of St.Paul's Cathedral.
NO TRACE OF HUMAN SACRIFICE HAS EVER BEEN DISCOVERED IN
BRITAIN(52)
Celts were nature worshippers, that they gave Divine honours to rivers, mountains
and woods. It is entirely a mistake to believe that they did so.
They were nature love - never nature worshippers; neither had
they a multitude of gods and goddesses, as is often affirmed. The
gods and goddesses were mere mascots, and even their
descendants(53) 53 mascots and charms have lost none of their
popularity.
Other nations never obtained a proper comprehension of Druidism;
they corrupted what they had learned of the Druidism of Britain,
blending with it religions less pure. It is recorded by Caesar
that those in Gaul who wished to be perfectly instructed in
Druidism crossed the sea to what they believed to be its birthplace.
In the Christian era St. Patrick used the shamrock to instruct
the people in the doctrine of the Trinity, and in earlier days
the Druids used the oak for same the same purpose. They sought a

Page 51
tree having two principal arms springing laterally from
the upright stem, roughly in the form of a cross. Upon the right
branch they cut the name Hesus; upon the middle or upright stem
Taranis; upon the left branch Belenis; over this they cut the
name of God - Thau.(54) The Hebrew prophets, it will be noted,
referred to their expected Messiah as 'The Branch.'
The mistletoe was another form of representation to them of their
Hesus, to whose coming they looked forward with as great
expectancy as did the Jews in the East to their Messiah - the
Britons were actually in advance of the Jews, for while the
Britons believed in the resurrection of the body, many of the
Jews did not. (It is indeed remarkable that one branch of God was
called "Hesus" - it is only a very small step to the word
"Jesus." And maybe when we understand all that Isabel Elder
writes about here, we can gain a better insight into how and why
we had "wise men" coming from the East, to worship Jesus the baby
who was born to be King Messiah. These wise men of the East (and
the Druids we have seen came originally from the "east") knew a
whole lot more than most of the rest of the world about the
things of God and His word and His prophecies of the one who was
"the Branch."
"The Druids," writes Caesar, 54 B.C. "make the immortality of
the soul the basis of all their teaching, holding it to be
the principal incentive and reason for virtuous life."(55)
The similarity of the Semitic and British forms of worship has
been commented upon by archaeologists and others who have
explored megalithic remains in this country.
Sir Norman Lockyer states:
"I confess, I am amazed at the similarities we have come
across,"(56)

Page 52
and Edward Davies:
"I confess that I have not been the first in representing the
Druidical as having had some connection with the patriarchal
religion.(57)
William Stukeley, from a close study of the
evidence affirms:
"I plainly discerned the religion professed by the ancient
Britons was the simple patriarchal religion"(58) an opinion which
every critical and candid student of Druid ritual, customs, and
teaching must endorse.
The unity of the Godhead was the very soul and centre of
Druidism, and this unity was a Trinity.
Procoius of Caesarea, A.D. 530, states :
"Jesus, Taran, Bel - One only God. All Druids acknowledge one
Lord God alone."(59)
The indisputable fact is that the Druids proclaimed
to the universe, 'The Lord our God is One!' WHEN CHRISTIANITY
PREACHED JESUS AS GOD, DRUIDISM HAD THE MOST FAMILIAR NAME
OF ITS
OWN DEITY PRESENTED TO IT!!
In the ancient British tongue Jesus had never assumed its Greek,
Latin or Hebrew form, but remains the pure Druidic Yesu. It is
singular that the ancient Briton never changed the name of the
God he and his forefathers worshipped, nor has he ever worshipped
but one God.(60)
In the Cornish folk-lore whole sentences were treasured up
(without being understood), and when written down were found to
he pure Hebrew, Three of these rendered into English are:
"Lift up your heads, O ye gates, and be ye lift up ye everlasting
doors, and the King of Glory shall come in"; "Who is this King of
Glory?"; "The Lord Yesu, He is the King of Glory."(61)

Page 53
in Britain,Druidism with its self-evident Old Covenant origin, which latter
was, indeed, the great 'oral secret' transmitted by Druid sages
from generation to generation, its doctrine of the Trinity,
worship entirely free from idolatry, furtherance of peace and
contribution to the settling of disputes among the laity, high
moral tone, and insistence on the liberty and rights of the
subject, was a perfect preparation for the reception of Christianity.
Upon the introduction of Christianity the Druids were called
upon, not so much to reverse their ancient faith, as to "lay it
down for a fuller and more perfect revelation." No country can
show a more rapid, and natural merging of a native religion into
Christianity, than that which was witnessed in Britain in the
first century A.D. The readiness with which the Druids accepted
Christianity, the facilities with which their places of worship
and colleges were turned to Christian uses, the willingness of
the people to accept the new religion are facts which the modern
historian has either overlooked or ignored.(62)
1. Ed.Davies, "Celtic Researches," pp.171,182.
2. Diogenes Laertius in proem., p.5. In proem., p.6.
3. Macpherson, "Dissertations," p.341.
4. Gomer.A Brief Analysis of the Language and Knowledge of
Ancient Cymry. London,1854.
5. Matthew Arnold, "Celtic Literature," p.254.
6. Triodd Braint a Defod, Walter, op. cit. p.33. Lloyds "History
of Cambria," ed. Powell, praef. p.9.

Page 54
7. Myvy Arch., II, 57.
8. "Traditional Annals of the Cymry," p.27. Triad H. Sharon
Turner,"History Anglo Saxon," Vol.1.
9. Gildas, MS. (Julius, D.XI), Cottonian Library. Morgan's
"British Cymry."
10.John 18:38.
11."Diggers for Facts," pp.226-229.
12.Strabo, I, IV, p.197. Caesars Comm. Lib. V. Sueotonius, V.
Calegula. E. Campion, "Account of Ireland," p.18.
13.See Toland's "History of the Druids," p.50.
14.De Bell Gall. VII, 15, x6.
15.Vol. I, Chap. II, p.142, Amm. Marcel, "History," IV,9.
16.De Bell Gall, VI, 13,14.
17.Pompon Mela, III, 2,
18.Philosoph, I.
19.O'Curry's "Manners and Customs of Anc. Irish," Vol. II. School
of Simon Druid on O'Mulconry's Glossary: M.S.H. 2, 16 (Coll.
116),in Trinity College Library, Dublin. See also Reeve's
"Adamnan," p.48.
20.Stanihurst, "De Rebus in Hibernia," p.37.
21."Book of Lecain," folio 168. Toland, "History Druids," p.223.
22.J.Smith, "Gal. Antiq," p.8o.
23.S.Lysons, "Our British Ancestors," p.44.
24.Hecat. ab. Diod. Sicul, Lib. III. Avienus, "The Britannia."
Smith, "History of the Druids," pp.69,70, Cartes, "History
England," Vol.I, p.52.
25.See note 3,p.35.
26.Lib. III.
27.Vide Sir Norman Lockyer, "Stonehenge," 1906.
28.Wm.Stukeley, "Stonehenge," p.1l.
29.Strabo, Bk. XVIL Chap. I, Sir G. Cornwall. Lewis "Ast. of the
Ancients," p.198.
30.Triad,32.
31."History of Architecture," p.73.
32."Momumenta Historica Britanica," p.12
33."History of England," Vol.1. p,6
34."Stonehenge," p.254.
35."Standing stones and Maeshowe of Stennes," 1894.
36.Stukley, "Abury," p.40.
37.P.Llyod, "Island of Mona," p.41.
38.Origen on "Ezekiel," Homily 1V.
39.Josephus, "Jewish Wars," Bk.V, p.132.
40.Myo.Arch., Vol.III (laws of dynwal Moelmud).
41.Ibid.
42.Vallancy, "Collectanea de Rebus Hibernicus," p.211. Lysons,

Page 55
"Our British Ancestors," p.196.
43.King's "Vale Royal," p.2. Annales Cambriae, CLXIX.
44.Strobo, "Geogr," 1V, 4,5; XV, 1,5.M.F. Cusack, "History of
Ireland," p.116, note.
45.E.Wilson, "Light and Shadows," p.262. Triad 233.
46.Josephus, Antiq., Bk.XX, p.9.
47.Dio.Sic.Tom.I, p.158. Taliesen, "Bards and Druids of Britain,"
Nash,p.15.
48."Ancient Laws of Cambria" (British Museum).
49.Crania Britannicaw, Vol.I,p.78.
50.Ibid.
51.See E.Wilson's "Lights and Shadows," pp.6,7.
52.Hulbert's "Religions of Britain," p.37. Hen.Huntingdon
History, Lib.III, apud res Anglia Script, p.322, ed. Saville.
53.See Stukley, "Abury," pp.2,38,49,76.
54.Schedius, "Treatise de Mor. Germ," XXIV. Thomas Maurice,
"Indian Antiquities," Vol.VI, p.49.
55.De Bell. Gall.Lib., VI, chap.XIII.
56."Stonehenge and other British Monuments," p.252.
57."Mythology and Rites of the British druids as ascertained from
National Documents," Pref. p.vii.
58."Abury," Pref. p.i. G.Smith, "Religion of Ancient Britain,"
p.43.
59.Origen on "Ezekile." (Richardson's "Godwin de Presulibis.")
60.Dr.Henry, "History of Great Britain," I, 2.
61.Rev.Dr.Margoliouth, "Jews in Britain," Vol.1, p.23; Vol III,
p.198.
62.Rolleston, Mazzaroth, 113.
To trace the history of the Culdees from the days of St. Columba
is a comparatively easy task; to find their origin is more
difficult. In the minute examination which such an investigation
involves the name Culdee is discovered to have quite a different
origin from that usually assigned to it.
The obscurity of the origin of the Culdich (Anglicized Culdees)
has led many writers to assume that their name was derived from
their life and work. The interpretations 'Cultores Dei'
(Worshippers of God) and 'Gille De' (Servants of God) are
ingenious but do not go far to solve the problem. Culdich is
still in use among some of the Gael, of Cultores Dei and Gille De
they know nothing.(1)

Page 56
John Calgan, the celebrated hagiologist and topographer,
translates Culdich 'quidam advanae' - certain strangers(2) -
particularly strangers from a distance; this would seem an
unaccountable interpretation of the name for these early
Christians were it not for the statement of Freculphus(3) that
certain friends and disciples of our Lord, in the persecution
that followed His Ascension, found refuge in Britain in A.D.
37.(4) Further, here is the strong, unvarying tradition in the
West of England of the arrival in this country in the early days
A.D. of certain 'Judean refugees'. It seems impossible to
avoid the conclusion that Colgan's Culdich, 'certain strangers',
were one and the same with these refugees who found asylum in
Britain and were hospitably received by Arviragus (Caractacus),
king of the West Britons or Silures and temporarily settled in a
Druidic college. Land to the extent of twelve hides or ploughs,
on which they built the first Christian church, was made over to
them in free gift by Arviragus. This land has never been taxed.
Of the twelve hides of land conferred by Arviragus on this
church, the Domesday Survey, A.D. 1088, supplies conformation.
'The Domus Dei, in the great monastery in Glastonbury. This
Glastngbury Church possesses in its own villa XII hides of land
which have never paid tax.(5)
In Spelman's 'Concilia'(6) is an engraving of a brass plate which
was formerly affixed to a column to mark the exact site of the
church in Glastonbury.(7) 'The first ground of God, the first
ground of the Saints in Britain, the rise and foundation of all
religion in Britain, the burial place of the Saints.'(8) This
plate was dug up at Glastonbury and came into Spelman's
possession.
From a 'mass of evidence' to which William of Malmesbury gave
careful study, the antiquity of the Church of Glastonbury was
unquestionable. He says:
'From its antiquity called, by way of distinction, "Ealde
Chirche", that is the Old Church of wattlework at first,
savoured somewhat of heavenly sanctity, even from its very
foundation, and exhaled it all over the country, claiming
superior reverence, though the structure was mean. Hence,
here assembled whole tribes of the lower orders, thronging
every path; hence assembled the opulent, divested of their
pomp; hence it became the crowded residence of the religious
and the literary. For, as we have heard from men of elder
times, here Gildas, an historian, neither unlearned nor

Page 57
inelegant, captivated by the sanctity of the place, took up
his abode for a series of years. This Church, then, is
certainly the oldest I am acquainted with in England, and
from this circumstance derives its name. Moreover there are
documents of no small credit, which have been discovered in
certain places, to the following effect: No other hands than
those of the disciples of Christ erected the Church at
Glastonbury .... for if Phillip the Apostle reached to the
Gauls, as Freculphus relates in the fourth chapter of his
second book, it may be believed that he also planted the
word on the hither side of the channel.'(19)
The first converts of the Culdees were Druids. The Druids of
Britain, in embracing Christianity, found no difficulty in
reconciling the teaching of the Culdees, or 'Judean refugees',
with their own teaching of the resurrection and inheritance of
eternal life.
Numerous writers have commented upon the remarkable coincidence
which existed between the two systems - Druidism and
Christianity. (Amongst the Druidic names for the Supreme God
which they had in use before the introduction of Christianity
were the terms: 'Distributor', 'Governor', 'The Mysterious One',
'The Wonderful', The Ancient of Days', terms strictly of Old
Testament origin.(10)
Taliesen, a bard of the sixth century, declares :
'Christ, the Word from the beginning, was from the beginning
our teacher, and we never lost His teaching. Christianity
was a new thing in Asia, but there never was a time when the
Druids of Britain held not its doctrines.'(11)
From 'Ecclesiastical An Antiquities' of the Cymry we learn that
the Silurian Druids embraced Christianity on its first
promulgation in these islands, and that in right of their office
they were exclusively elected as Christian ministers, though
their claims to national privileges as such were not finally
sanctioned until the reign of Lles ap Coel (Lucius), A.D. 156.
Even so all the bardic privileges and immunities were recognized
by law before the reign of this king.
'And those Druids that formerly had dominion of the Britons'
faith become now to be helpers of their joy and are become
the leaders of the blind, which through God's mercy hath
continued in this Island ever since through many storms and

Page 58
dark mists of time until the present day.'(12)
A Welsh Triad mentions Amesbury (Avebury) in Wiltshire as one of
the three great Druidic 'Cors' or colleges of Britain, and one of
the earliest to be converted to Christian uses. In the church
attached to this college there were two thousand four hundred
'saints', that is, there were a hundred for every hour of the day
and night in rotation, perpetuating the praise of God without
intermission. This mode of worship was very usual in the early
Church.(13)
The Christian king Lucius, third in descent from Winchester, and
grandson of Pudens and Claudia(14) built the first minister on
the site of a Druidic Cor at Winchester, and at a National
Council held there in A.D.156 established Christianity the
national religion as the natural successor to Druidism, when the
Christian ministry was inducted into all the rights of the
Druidic hierarchy, tithes included.(15)
The change over from Druidism was not a mere arbitrary act of the
king, for, according to the Druidic law, there were three things
that required the unanimous vote of the nation:
deposition of the Sovereign, suspension of law, introduction of
novelties in religion.(16)
Archbishop Usher quotes twenty-three authors, including Bede and
Nennius, on this point and also brings in proof from ancient
British coinage.(17) So uncontested was the point that at the
Council of Constance it was pleaded as an argument for British
precedence.
'There are many circumstances', writes Lewis Spence,
'connected with the Culdees to show that if they practised a
species of Christianity their doctrine still retained a
large measure of the Druidic philosophy, and that indeed
they were the direct descendants of the Druidic caste....
The Culdees who dwelt on Iona and professed the rule of
Columba, were Christianized Druids, mingling with their
faith a large element of the ancient Druidic cultus. . . .
But all their power they ascribed to Christ - Christ is my
Druid, said Columba.'(18)
Toland says that:

Page 59
'...the Druidical college of Derry was converted into a
Culdee monastery. In Wales Druidism cease to be practised by
the end of the FIRST century, but long after the advent of
St.Patrick the chief monarchs of Ireland adhered to
Druidism...
Laegaire and all the provincial kings of Ireland, however,
granted to every man free liberty of preaching and
professing the Christian religion if he wished to do
so.'(19)
The cumulative evidence of early historians leaves no shadow of
doubt that Britain was one of the first, if not THE FIRST country
to receive the Gospel, and that the apostolic missionaries were
instrumental in influencing the change whereby the native
religion of Druidism merged into Christianity.(20)
It is a remarkable circumstance that while statues of gods and
goddesses prevail throughout the heathen sites of Egyptian,
Greek, Roman, Hindu and other idolatrous nations, NOT A VESTIGE
of an IDOL or IMAGE has been found in Britain.
If Mithraism is argued to contest this statement it should be
observed that invaders were not free from idolatry. Mithra
worship was a Roman importation. The British were entirely free
from all forms of idolatry; they never adopted Mithraism.
The Druids' invocation was to ONE all-healing and all-saving
power. Can we be surprised that they so readily embraced the
gospel of Christ?
Further support for the early introduction of Christianity to
Britain is gathered from the following widely diverse sources:
EUSEBIUS of Ceasarea speaks of apostolic missions to Britain as
matters of notoriety. 'The Apostles passed beyond the ocean to
the isles called the Brittanic Isles.'(21)
TERTULLIUS of Carthage, A.D.208, the embodiment of the highest
learning of that age, tells us that the Christian Church in the
second century extended to 'all the boundaries of Spain, and the
different nations of Gaul and parts of Britain inaccessible to
the Romans but subject to Christ.'(22)
ORIGEN, in the third century states: 'The power of Lord is with
those who in Britain are separated from our coasts.'(23)

Page 60
'From India to Britain', writes St.JEROME, A.D.378, 'all nations
resound with the death and resurrection of Christ.'(24)
ARNOBIUS, on the same subject, writes: 'So swiftly runs the word
of God that within the space of a few years His word is concealed
neither from the Indians in the East nor from the Britons in the
West.'(25)
CHRYSOSTOM, Patriarch of Constantinople, A.D.402, supplies
evidence in these words: 'The British Isles which lie beyond the
sea, and which lie in the ocean, have received the virtue of the
Word. Churches are there found and altars erected. Though thou
should'st go to the ocean, to the British Isles, there thou
should'st hear all men everywhere discussing matters out of the
Scriptures.'(26)
GILDS, the British historian, writing in A.D.542, states: 'We
certainly know that Christ, the True Sun, afforded His light, the
knowledge of His precepts, to our Island in the last year of the
reign of Tiberias Caesar, A.D.37.'(27)
Sir HENRY SPELMAN states: 'We have abundant evidence that this
Britain of ours received the Faith, and that from the disciples
of Christ Himself soon after the Crucifixion',(28)
POLYDORE VERGIL observes: 'that Britain was of all kingdoms the
first that received the Gospel'.(29)
The fact that Lucius established Christianity as the State
religion excludes the claim of the Latin Church to that eminence.
That this early establishment was acknowledged beyond the
confines of Britain is well expressed by Sabellius, A.D.250.
'Christianity was privately expressed elsewhere, but the first
nation that proclaimed it as their religion, and called itself
Christian, after the name of Christ, was Britain';(30) and Ebrard
remarks, 'The glory of Britain consists not only in this, that
she was the first country which in a national capacity publicly
professed herself Christian, but that she made this confession
when the Roman Empire itself was pagan and a cruel persecutor of
Christianity.'
The writer of 'Vale Royal' states: 'The Christian faith and
baptism came into Chester in the reign of Lucius, king of the
Britons, probably from Cambria, circa A.D.140.'(31)

Page 61
Missionaries are said to have come from Glastonbury, only thirty
miles distant, to instruct the Druids of Amesbury in the
Christian faith. When the Druids adopted and preached
Christianity, their universities were turned into Christian
colleges and the Druid priests became Christian ministers;
the transition was to them a natural one.
In the days of Giraldus Cambrensis (twelfth century), as a result
of Roman Catholic doctrine, martyrdom and celibacy were much
overrated, and it was thought a reproach to the Druids that none
of their saints had 'cemented' the foundation of the Church
with their blood, all of them being confessors, and not one
gaining the crown of martyrdom.(32)
An absurd charge, blaming the people for their reasonableness,
moderation and humanity, and taxing the new converts for not
provoking persecution in order to gain martyrdom.
It is not contended that every individual Druid and bard accepted
Christianity on its first promulgation in Britain Even after
Christianity had become a national religion, petty kings, princes
and the nobility retained, in many instances, Druids and bards.
Druidism did not entirely cease until almost a thousand
years after Christ.
Had the large collection of British archives and MSS deposited at
Verulum as late as A.D.860 descended to our time, invaluable
light would have been thrown on this as on many other subjects of
native interest.
We read in an historical essay, 'The Ancient British Church', by
the Rev.John Pryce, which was awarded the prize at the National
Eisteddfod of 1876, these words:
'In this distant corner of the earth (Britain), cut off from
the rest of the world, unfrequented except by merchants from
the opposite coast of Gaul, a people who only conveyed to
the Roman mind the idea of untamed fierceness was being
prepared for the Lord. Forecasting the whole from the
beginning and at length bringing the work to a head, the
Divine Logos unveiled Himself to them in the person of
Christ, as the realization of their searching instincts and
the fulfilment of their highest hopes. It would be difficult
to conceive of Christianity being preached to any people for
the first time under more favourable conditions. There was

Page 62
hardly a feature in their national character in which it
would not find a chord answering and vibrating to its touch.
Theirs was not the sceptical mind of the Greek, nor the
worn-out civilization of the Roman, which even Christianity
failed to quicken into life, but a religious, impulsive
imagination - children in feeling and knowledge, and
therefore meet recipients of the good news of the kingdom of
heaven.
To a people whose sense of future existence was so absorbing
that its presentiment was almost too deeply felt by them,
the preaching of Jesus and the Resurrection would appeal
with irresistible force.
There was no violent divorce between the new teaching and
that of their own Druids, nor were they called upon so much
to reverse their ancient faith to lay it down for a fuller
and more perfect revelation.
Well has the Swedish poet, Tegner, in 'Frithiofs Saga',
pictured the glimmerings of the dawn of Gospel day, when he
described the old priest as prophesying
'All hail, ye generations yet unborn
Than us far happier; ye shall one day drink
That cup of consolation, and behold
The torch of Truth illuminate the world,
Yet do not us despise; for we have sought
With earnest zeal and unaverted eye,
To catch one ray of that ethereal light,
Alfader still is one, and still the same;
But many are his messengers Divine.'
1. Rev. T. McLauchlan, 'The Early Scottish Church,' p.431.
2. Trias Thaumaturga, p.156b.
3. Freculphus apud Godwin, p.10. See Hist. Lit.,II,18.
4. Baronius add. ann. 306. Vatican MSS. Nova Legenda.
5. Domesday Survey Fol., p.449.
6. See Epistolae ad Gregorium Papam.
7. See Joseph of Arimathea, by Rev.L.Smithett Lewis.
8. Concilia, Vol.I, p.9.
9. Malmes., 'History of the Kings,' pp.19,20.
10.G.Smith, 'Religion of Ancient Britain,' Chap. II, p.37.
11.Morgan, 'St.Paul in Britain,' p.73.
12.Nath. Bacon, 'Laws and Government of England,' p.3.
13.Baronius ad Ann 459, ex. Actis Marcelli.
14.Moncaeus Atrebas, 'In Syntagma,' p.38.
15.Nennius(ed.Giles), p.164. Book of Llandau, pp.26,68,289.
16.Morgan's 'British Cymry.'

Page 63
17.Ussher (ed.1639), pp.5,7,20.
18.'The Mysteries of Britain,' pp.62,64,65.
19.Dudley Wright, 'Druidism,' p.12.
20.Holinshed, 'Chronicles,' p.23.
21.'De Demostratione Evangelii,' Lib. III.
22.'Adv.Judaeos,' Chap. VII. Def. Fidei, p.179.
23.Origen, 'Hom. VI in Lucae.'
24.'Hom. in Isaiah,' Chap. LIV and Epist. XIII ad Paulinum.
25.'Ad Psalm,' CXLV, III.
26.Chrysostom, 'Orat O Theo Xristos.'
27.'De Excidio Britanniae,' Sect. 8, p.25.
28.'Concilia,' fol., p.1.
29.Lib. II.
30.Sabell. Enno, Lib. VII, Chap. V.
31.King's 'Vale Royal,' Bk. II, p.25.
32.Topograph. Hibern Distinct. III, Cap. XXIX.

Ancient Kings of Britain PART 2

2008-11-18T20:47:00.348-05:00

Ancient Kings of Britain PART 2 ..by Alan Hassell
©opyright all rights reserved 1/2/2004
September 12, 2009, 06:10:12 PM

Images, footnotes and layout and image comments with commentary at page bottom by Troedyrhiw

When will the director’s, historians and so-called archaeologists wake up and put two and two together? What are they paid for anyway?
Isn’t it their job and responsibility to inform the public of the truth and how it all came to be?

Isn’t there anyone who gets a nice fat salary from the government game enough to stand up and admit the truth? Why do they leave the public to work this out for themselves?.I doubt it in this day and age; some would lie out of their eyeteeth rather than lose a lucrative job with a promise of a pension on retirement.

I always knew that King Llud had started London. When I worked at Fleet Street as a youth, there used to be a statue of King Llud and his sons situated at Ludgate Circus as a memorial to King Llud who was one of the principle founders of Londinium.....

King Lud and his two sons...Click for Larger Image...See Footnote 3

King Lud and his two sons...Click for Larger Image

It appears Llud’s statue and his wall has had a turbulent career over the centuries. During King John’s reign when he was forced to sign the Magna Charta, riots broke out in London. The Jewish quarter in Ludgate was stormed and materials were taken to restore the damage done to the walls. Year’s later evidence of this was found when stones bearing Hebrew characters were discovered in the masonry of the gate... See footnote 1

In 1260, during the reign of Henry III the gate was again adorned with the statues of Llud and his two sons,Androgeus, (Arfarwy) and Tenuantius. During the reign of Edward VI, for some reason the population took a dislike to all images and decapitated the heads off of the statues. These were eventually restored by Queen Mary.

However during the reign of Queen Elizabeth the first, the gate was taken down and completely rebuilt with the statues being moved over to the eastern side of the gate. In 1990 the City of London and Ludgate underwent a major redevelopment of the area.

The bridge that carried the underground railway was removed and trains diverted underground. Llud’s statues were also moved to St.Dustan’s in the west,just up the road from Fleet Street near the law courts. It can be found in an alcove of the old church via the side entrance, which is often hard to see as the gates are often locked. I think Llud’s statue should be removed and installed in the care of the Museum of London where it might even be restored to its original condition.

Brutus was the originally founder of the capitol city of Lloegres on the north side of the River Thames and he called it Troia Newydd, meaning,“New Troy”, this is documented in the Brut Tysylio and on many websites on the Internet if you want to check it out yourself.

Geoffrey of Monmouth in his Latin translation became Troia Nova,which was later corrupted into Trinovantium.
Nennius also calls London Trinovantium and says that, “Caesar fought a battle against the British near a place called Trinovantium. Caesar also writes that this battle was fought by the only ford available on the Thames, at the Island of Thorns, which is now Westminister.
Trinovantium has to be no other place than London.

Much is known about King Llud or Llud AP Beli Mawr AP Manogan, he started, his reign in 72 BC, seventeen years before the Romans even came to Britain. He was the regional King of the North Thames area.He is reputed to have been a very powerful leader owning many cities and castles. He also had a reputation of being a mighty warrior in battle.
Llud had a very powerful brother called Cassivellaunus (Casswallon) which was corrupted into Casswallon who reigned from 58-38 BC.

Llud also knew of the importance of building defenses and as Troia Newydd (London) was one of his favorite places he did in fact fortify it.
Belinus, Llud’s father is said to have been building a large wall eight foot thick at its foundations out of stone and limestone.
During Llud’s childhood he would have spent many days with his father whilst he was building the great wall and would continue the work long after his fathers death. The wall was reputed to be over twenty feet high and enclosed a large area protecting the city from any invaders.

According to the Brut Tysylio and other traditional histories King Llud is credited with building a huge wall made out of lime and stone around the city which was eight foot thick at its base. Apparently this wall enclosed an area of 324 acres and was claimed to have been there before the Boadacea rebellion in AD 60.

He also built huge towers and in the west part of the wall built this huge gate. Once it was complete Llud ordered that the gate be named after him hence the name Ludgate which is still used today. This again is documented in the Mabinogion.This proves that the Mabinogian is telling the truth and not the myths,fairy tales and porky pies, as some completely uneducated individuals would like us all to believe.

There were many gates built on the wall, the place names remain to this day, Aldgate, Highgate, Ludgate, Newgate, Billingsgate, named after Llud’s father Beli Mawr, Bishops gate and Cripplegate to name a few.
It is possible that some of these were added onto the great wall after Lud's death.
In Guildhall there are very old engravings of what were the ten gates that allowed entrance to the great city.

The Guildhall

Priory Gate and Church Tower

Lincoln-Inn Gate and Chancery Lane Gate

LudGate and NewGate

Bishops Gate and Cripple Gate

Alders Gate and Bridge Gate

Llud’s father King Heli (Beli Mawr in the Welsh) ruled for forty years until 73 BC,during which time he continued to build great buildings in London and passed on his building skills to his son Llud who became king. It appears that although Llud is given much credit for building London, it was a continuing process of development started by Bruta’s and continued through the ages. Just as development and re-development has continued within the city of London to the present day.

Not much of the great wall that Llud built is left standing although there is much of it to be seen still around a few places in London.
Starting out at Tower Hill almost directly opposite the Tower itself and beside the underground tube station is one section still to be see about twenty five feet high and some 80 yards in length.
Brutus Wall near Trinity Place London..Click to Enlarge

London Tower Hill..Brutus Wall...Click to Enlarge

Just around the corner from the station is the Grand hotel, which has two flaming torches outside the main building. In the car park next to the main entrance one can see another 100-foot section of the wall, which has been decorated with lights and is more colourful to photograph. What is interesting here is the fact that at the wall, which is fenced off, is split between the car park and basement below. One can see down into the basement and the size of the actual foundations of the wall.

They are as already stated and written down throughout time and history about eight foot thick. Although this is claimed to be a Roman Wall, it fits the descriptions already written many centuries ago and there is no doubt that this wall was built by Llud as was written. The Romans may of repaired and extended sections of the wall during their occupation, but they were not the initial architects and builders of the wall.

Even more astounding is the fact that this hotel is redeveloping a site next door having bought the site they now intend to expand with this added extension.Now the interesting thing is that they have an archaeologist on the site because the builders have come across the foundations of another section of the wall once more.
BRUTUS WALL ON NOBLE STREET LONDON.See rect/square Plaque in Centre of Image.Click to Enlarge
Although, I wasn’t allowed to take photographs the hole the builders had already dug was a good thirty to forty feet below street level.When you add another twenty to thirty feet of the wall above street level, the height of the actual wall could have been forty to fifty feet high in its day.It would also have been a really massive sight to behold and would have presented many problems for anyone wanting to take London by storm.
There are more sections of the wall still visible for the general public to see especially around Barbican near the Museum of London and surrounding streets.

...RUINS OF THE BARBICAN ON LUDGATE HILL??...Click to Enlarge ...See Footnote 2 below

It is claimed that not far from Ludgate, Llud also built himself a fine palace, which is the Bishop of London’s palace.
What all this really means is that London was by its size the largest city not only in Britain but also in the whole of Europe.

If this is so then we have a motive for Caesars greed to take such a prize.
King Llud is also said to have been the first person to have measured Briton from top to bottom and coast to coast.
Llud had sons, so there must have been a woman in his life, sadly I have been unable to come up with the name of such a woman, it may well be that Llud had a number of ladies he shared his affections with.

Apart from building a palace for himself, Llud also invited others to build many fine houses within his walls that he had built. Hmmmm, now just a cotton-picking minute, who were the people that stated the Briton’s lived in wooden thatched huts? Here, we have a direct statement of fine palaces being built and lived in.

It is precisely at this point that the Academics will start ranting and raving that the wall was built by the Romans, but was it? Now start putting your thinking caps on kiddiewinks and start reading about the Trojan war and how the Trojans were able to hold out against the armies of Greece for Ten Years. Brutus and his men would have realized the importance of defenses and would have taken measures to ensure they were well protected, they certainly had many years prior to Caesar's visit to construct it.

Didn’t a huge wall protect Troy too? The Greek Army tried hard enough to get inside the huge wall and only gained entrance by using the famous Trojan horse.

Surely someone with Brutus would have known about the importance of walls keeping out the enemy? We are not talking about wild uneducated savages here, these were well-educated individuals who had seen and experienced beautiful palaces with marble columns and floors and knew how to protect themselves too.

Brutu's even married a Greek Princess, for god's sake she lived in style in palaces befitting her stature and rank. Her own father would not have lived in a mere shack so why would she?

Are these so called academics taught nothing or is that what they are told to preach? Sometimes it is better not to be educated and know something than to be
educated and know nothing.
They had a fluent knowledge of the Greek language, the Roman historians tell us, and so does Strabo. So why wouldn’t they also have a knowledge of building fine palaces? Even in Llud’s day London was a very busy city where merchants provided and sold merchandise from many countries including much Mediterranean produce.

In fact, there are several mentions that the Kings of Britain not only lived in fine palaces but used marble and had mosaic tiles floors with intricate designs placed on them too.

The British Museum has a fine example with the Christian religious symbol of Chi Rho featured plainly on it. Only a very brave man and powerful leader would have had such on the floor or walls of his house. Although, it is credited with being Roman, it is highly probable and not impossible that this came from one of the palaces that were once owned by a ruling King of Britain as it was there religion.

Even after the Claudian invasion, the Roman’s, although they might have tried to convert the British to Christianity gave up and never intervened in the British way of religion. The Roman’s had too many gods whilst the British only had one in which to put their faith in.

This explains why the Chi Rho mosaic now on prominent view to the public in the British Museum was allowed to be situated where it was and tolerated by the Roman’s, if they ever saw it?
The truth is the great wall of London had already been built when the Roman’s arrived and whilst they may of built onto and added to it and maybe repaired it in certain places they alone did not build it, the British did so it is high time this was recognized and renamed Llud's wall, who is named as the architect in so many documents.

PART OF LONDON,SHOWING THE ANCIENT WALL..Click to Enlarge....Note the number of Gates(10) surround the City of London..They are shown as double pillars..Check their names if possible

Not everything that the British Museum states has to be correct.This is because they refuse to recognize anything that might be British or something they simply do not understand.Therefore they make these wild assumptions about it possibly being Roman or Saxon without even considering other possibilities.

I will give credit where it is due, I admire the honesty of the curator of the Museum of London who gave me detailed information regarding the statues of King Llud. I was hoping the Museum would place the statue in the museum in order for its future preservation and for the people. Some historians do have a genuine interest in the British Kings.

How many treasures in the museum connected to the Roman’s are or were originally British? Who would know for sure? As the Briton’s would have adopted Greek as well as Roman architecture before the Romans did gain a foothold.

The question remains, how many British building were mistaken as being Roman? No one in the Museum can give a definite answer to the question, and no one would dare answer it.
One cannot lay the blame on the staff and everyone working for museums. They are the guardians of the nations treasures. Unfortunately politics and politicians lay down the guidelines of what can and what cannot be stated. The same as what is acceptable to be taught in Britain's schools.

The Brut Tysylio and the Mabinogian state that Brutus who was a great great grandson of Aeneas originally founded London. Brutus died after a memorial reign of twenty-four years and was interred by the side of Imogene on the Bryn Gwyn (the White Mount). Which is believed to have been where the Tower of London now stands or in that area.

After the destruction of Troy around 1,200 B.C., Aeneas, born of a royal bloodline fled with the remnants of his people and settled in Italy. There he married the daughter of Latinus, the king of the Latin’s, and through this line later emerged the Roman Empire.

The grandson of Aeneas, a man called Brutus,had to flee Italy when he accidentally killed his father on a hunting trip.
He arrived in Greece, on discovery of his royal lineage,dispossessed Trojans flocked to his command. He eventually married the daughter of the Greek king. He then commandeered a fleet and was visited by the goddess Diana and was sent to sail west until he found a land where his people would live in peace.

Brutus eventually reached the isle of Albion, landing at Totnes in Cornwall. He eventually founded the city of Trinovantum (New Troy), or Caer Troia as the Britons called it,around 1000 B.C. the city was dedicated to the goddess Diana by Brutus and he founded a temple to her.
Diabolical as it might sound to some, this is well documented and references to Brutas and his discoveries can be found all over the internet so this is not a figment of my imagination it is the truth, the whole truth and nothing but.

There are web sites that anyone can even trace the origins of people right back to Adam and Eve if you have the inclination and time to look for them. Knowledge in this day and age is so important if we are to find our real roots and who we really are.

King Llud (73 BC) re-named it "Caer-Llud" (Llud’s Town). It later became known as London. When Llud died, he was buried near a gateway called Ludgate.

The re-naming of the city has been a disaster for British history.Not only have we forgotten our links with ancient Troy, but we have also given ground to the advocates of evolution,who don't want us to know that, through the Trojans, we can trace our ancestry all the way back to Noah. For the skeptics, Troy was found by Hienrich Schlieman a noted German archaeologist. There is no excuse for
historians or anyone to say Troy was a myth and did not exist.

Now, this is where a very strange modern day treasure find comes into the story. Towards the end of 2003 British television station channel four screened a new series of finds made in Britain by metal detectorists called, “Hidden Treasure”.
In one of the series of programs someone had found a large collection of coins. To make the program more interesting an archaeological dig took place.

It was during the dig that a huge quantity of bones were uncovered and on forensic testing they were found to be animal bones indicating that a huge feast had taken place at one time.
In those days a battle would be fought during the day and they would collect their dead and bury them during the night. It was more like something out of a loony tunes cartoon where Wiley Coyote would clock on in the morning for his shift while Ralph the devoted watch dog would stand guard over the flock of sheep during the day only to clock off at night fall.

After the fighting when the battle had been fought and won a great feast was held, this might not be in one spot alone but in many different towns and settlements.

The Welsh triads record that Caswallon ordered the slaughter of 120,000 animals for a great feast to celebrate the victory. With the discovery of the huge number of animal bones that were found by accident following an archaeological dig on a site where coins were found buried, it shows that the triads are true and more attention should be given to them for their accuracy.

Why, I asked again, did none of the archaeologists or historians at the British Museum connect this find to what happened in AD 55? Maybe, they stubbornly refuse to recognize these old documents which far from telling myths and fairy tales are telling the truth about what happened in the so call dark ages. It is high time that these so called academics paid more attention to these writings and old documents.

Many years ago I wrote an article about my travels to the British Museum in which I mentioned the Sutton Hoo burial ship and how the guides considered it to be Anglo Saxon. They even gave the name of the supposed King that had been buried in it as Raedwald.

Sticking my nose in where it wasn’t wanted I suggested to the guide that the helmets could have belonged to King Arthur? The Romans described the Britons as being clean-shaven and having moustaches the same as depicted on the helmets?

This helmet ABOVE-Artists Representaton

Those two famous helmets, one for use in battle and one for ceremonial purposes can only describe the person wearing them as being clean shaven and having a moustache, exactly as described by Roman writers.

Could there have been a misdating of the burial? Look at the items found in the ship? Is that not the bejeweled sword that Arthur had called Excalibur?, as mentioned numerous times in numerous writings?

Even though the Sutton Hoo burial site might have nothing what so ever to do with King Arthur, the question remains that those helmets belonged to a British King who lived in the area or had requested to be buried at that particular spot. The big question is Who?

I bet that guide felt pretty awkward after I had said my piece.
However, those in the group listened to my outburst, it must have had an impact and stopped some of the bullshit the guides at the museum were notorious at spreading.

Shortly after that little episode at the British Museum, I wrote an article called treasure for the people, which was published and may have ruffled a few feathers.
Today, they still have the same exhibit, only this time they question who the King who was buried in the ship really was?
Strange that isn’t it. They still think its Anglo Saxon though despite the fact that Caesar wrote that British built their ships using iron nails, they still think its Anglo Saxon and refuse to accept the British had a large navy at that
particular period in time.

The Anglo Saxon’s used wood to construct their ships and wooden dowels to join the wood together. It makes one wonder where all of a sudden the Anglo Saxons managed to start making ships using iron nails, or obtaining the iron with which to make the nails?

Iron nails were used in the construction of the ship they found at Sutton Hoo. Since then I have visited one of the iron mines where the iron might, just might, have been mined and smelted to make those nails. But that’s another story.

Having discussed this matter with the noted historians Alan Wilson
and Baram Blackett we all agree on this matter as other British nobles and Kings were buried in a similar fashion. The burial sites of these nobles are known but owing to night hawks and unscrupulous individuals using metal detectors solely for their own greed and gain, with no interest of sharing the nations history and possible treasures with the people to whom the treasure really belongs we remain
silent in order to protect these sites.

The time has come to forget about past political correctness about what should be and what shouldn’t.. History belongs to the people. Today, we have a British army, a British passport, British birth certificate and we once had a British Empire.
The only people who call themselves English are those that follow 22 idiots chasing a dammed football around a field,because of a team that calls itself English instead of British.

Look on any Roman coin, on the tail it states Britannia meaning Britain. This is Britain and those that were born here are British, like it or not, and you should be proud of that fact and that the famous Battle of Britain was fought against the nazi’s in the second world war. That has never been described as a battle for England. Its time to stop the bullshit.

If the truth were really known, almost everyone now has British blood running through their veins owing to intermarriage over the years between the Anglo Saxons and the British (Welsh).

There are a few exceptions to the rule because I forgot to mention the Scots and the Irish who have also interbred thanks to the women of Britain, England, Ireland and Scotland who we can thank for bearing mans children and raising them. The men, well when an opportunity arises, don’t tell me your going to walk away from the worlds oldest sin,because it was installed in your genes ions ago.

Even the George Cross they use as an emblem is stolen from the
British. At a famous landmark in Wales that attracts visitors from all over the world are the ruins of a very old church and monastery. Although not a great deal remains,there are a few very old tiles depicting knights on horseback.

They all carry a shield bearing a very special insignia, which happens to be the St.George Cross. Owing to souvenir hunters and thieves I am not prepared to disclosed where the tiles can be found.
Not that I want them for myself, they are part of British history and belong to the public for all to see and should remain untouched for future generations to see and admire. They would be far better off in the custody of a museum.

Even today, London, still has connections with King Arthur. Take a short walk up the Strand, just outside the Law Courts in the middle of the road is an eternal symbol that was used by Uthyr Pendragon himself and that is the Dragon, which was also the symbol of Britain. Situated on almost every bridge you will see London’s coat of arms and dragons.

Almost every street within the city proudly bears the same emblem together with many of the bollards. In fact its almost impossible to go anywhere in London where you are unable to catch a glimpse of it.

The Brutus Stone or London Stone.

Only a fragment of the original stone survives, the stone is said to
have been brought there by Brutas all the way from Troy; he was supposed to have set it up in his New Troy (i.e.London) as an alter to Diana.. The London Stone has
always had a special significance, marking the sacred center of London. It can be found behind railings in a wall in the Bank of China, almost opposite Cannon Street Station. I recently visited the spot and had a bit of difficulty finding it.

Some people think the Stone can be traced back to Druid times,perhaps as a Pagan Ritual Altar or a sacrificial stone.
This was certainly the belief of the poet William Blake who, in 'To the Jews', imagined the groaning of the executed victims.

There's even a legend that claims it to be the same stone from which King Arthur pulled the sword, (although there are several places in Britain to make the same claim). Certainly it seems that this area of London has long been significant.

In 1840, excavations to build sewers at Bush Lane, next to Cannon Street Station uncovered ancient remains of large walls belonging to a pre-Roman building,perhaps some kind of palace.
Now this is interesting because it is recorded that both Bruta’s and King Llud built Palaces in London, could this be one of those building so hurriedly covered up and hushed up, so the public could not learn the truth about their history?

The early inhabitants of Britain, who arrived more than a thousand years before the Roman invasion, were the scattered remnants of the fallen city of Troy. They founded a city on the Thames and called it "Troia Newydd" (New Troy) which later became "Troynovant" or "Trinovantum".Brutus, King of the Britons

The story begins with the city of Troy in Asia Minor (now eastern Turkey), near the Bosphorus. The Trojans were at war against the Greeks, and they thought they had won. They found a large wooden horse outside the city that the Greeks had left behind, and they brought it into the city as a
trophy, not knowing that it was full of Greek soldiers.

During the night, when the Trojans were all asleep, the Greeks came out of the horse and opened the city gates, so that the Greek armies entered and destroyed the city. This happened during the reign of Priam, the last king of Troy,about 1182 BC.

The Trojans and Dardanians were allies, and there were intermarriages between their royal families. Aeneas was the son of Anchises, the leader of the Dardanian army. He married Creusa, the daughter of Priam, King of Troy, and they had a son called Ascanius. Aeneas and Creusa were third cousins, and their common ancestor was Tros, who founded the city of Troy. When the city was destroyed, Aeneas escaped with his father Anchises and his young son Ascanius,together with many other refugees, but Creusa got lost in the confusion. They first went to Africa, and then to Italy where they were well received by Latinus, king of the Latin’s.
Aeneas married Lavinia, the daughter of Latinus and they had a son called Silvius.

The journey of Aeneas to Italy, and his assimilation among the Latin’s, was later to become the subject of Virgil's "Aneid", written between 30 and 19 BC, so that he became immortalized in Roman literature.

Ascanius married and had a son,also called Silvius, who had his way with Lavinia's niece and got her pregnant. She gave birth to a son called Brutus, but she died during childbirth.When Brutus was 15 years old, he was out hunting with his father, and accidentally killed him while shooting an arrow at a deer. Thus he was considered to have killed both his father and his mother,although unintentionally, and was banished from Italy.

Brutus went to Greece where his royal lineage was recognized by Pandrasus, king of the Greeks, and by the downtrodden Trojans who had escaped from Troy and were living as an under-class among the Greeks. The Trojans adopted him as their leader and assembled themselves into an army.He went to Pandrasus and asked for their liberty,so that they could live as equals with the Greeks, or else be given
assistance to go to other lands. Pendrasus was enraged by this request and went to war against the Trojans, but Brutus prevailed against him. Pendrasus was anxious
to achieve a peace of some sort, but he recognized that the war had led to feelings of resentment that would make it impossible for the Trojans to continue living among the Greeks. He therefore decided that the departure of the Trojans
was the only possible option, and he furnished them with ships so that they could leave. He also gave his daughter Ignoge to Brutus, to be his wife.

Brutus and his army sailed away and stopped in a few parts of Africa, and then they sailed through the Pillars of Hercules (Straits of Gibraltar) and arrived in Gaul where they picked up some Trojan exiles. They fought some battles against the Gauls, then returned to their ships and sailed to their intended destination, an almost empty island to the north of Gaul known as "Alban" (Albion), which means "White Island".
Those who came with Brutus were called "Britons", and the island became known as "Britain". The date of their arrival is calculated to be 1074 BC, according to
a by Peter Roberts in his translation of Tysilio's "Chronicle of the Kings of Britain"

Brutus was a Trojan on his father's side and Latin on his mother's side. He was married to a Greek, so his descendants were Trojan, Latin and Greek. He was the first of a long line of kings, some of who intermarried with other European
royal families.

Bruta’s originally landed on the coast of Devon. Totnes on the dart is twelve miles from Torbay, which is the oldest seaport in South Devon. Here we find the closest evidence to Bruta’s possible and a custom handed down from time immemorial and was last observed on May the sixth 1910, when the mayor read a proclamation of King George.
There is a stone embedded in the road with a sign above it saying,“This is the Brutas stone.” The tradition being that this marks the spot where a Trojan Prince set foot after he landed in Britain after the fall of Troy in 1185 B.C.

There is also another Bruta’s stone situated in Cannon Street In the
City of London that Bruta’s is also said to have found and built up as a fine city. That stone is still to be seen in Cannon Street not far from the underground station.

It is said, “That should the stone disappear London will fall.”
Today it is preserved behind iron bars and protected by glass to stop individuals touching it and souvenir parts of it.
It is also highly unlikely that even after the Claudius invasion of AD 43 that the
Romans could have built such a city in the given time between the Boadacea rebellions of AD60. The Romans were in fact building up other places such as Colchester(Camulodunum)and Verulamium(St.Alban’s).

Archaeologists and historians today forget about King Llud and what
he did to fortify London despite strong documentary evidence elsewhere that clearly states that King Llud built the wall. Even today, Time team and its band
of back yard historians and archaeologists, when ever they come across anything they cant explain automatically jump on the old Roman, Anglo Saxon horseshit for answers and explanations.

King Llud had two sons, one called Afarwy,(Androgeus) who was the Duke of Kent, Teneufan (Tenuantius) Duke of Kent.
It appears that Caswallon, Llud’s brother had a mistress called Fflur (Flora) This lady was abducted and taken to Gaul. It appears that the jealous Afarwy was responsible and sought refuge with the Romans in Gaul. There is another story that Cassivellaunus was voted by all the tribe leaders to be King to lead the Britons in the fight against Caesar.(Julius)

Arfarwy considered that was his right and in a fit of rage sought vengeance against his uncle by joining Caesar in Gaul.
Arfarwy having struck a deal with Caesar that once Caesar had conquered Britain, Afarwy would be installed as the new king. Tysylio states that Arfarwy’s secret pact with Caesar is that he would open the gates of London to the Romans in return for being made King himself.

Thus Caesar had a second attempt to subdue Britain only to be subdued himself in the process.Arfarwy was taken back to Gaul together with others. Caesar never
returned to make a third attempt at making Britain as part of the Roman Empire. Caesar glossed over his writings to pacify the senate but disgruntled legionnaires upon their return to Rome started to reveal the truth,which eventually became public knowledge.

Eventually on the Ides of March Caesar was murdered.
The hierarchy in Rome must have known what had really taken place for there is no attempt to send troops or statesmen to Briton for another 96 years.

I wonder if you went into any modern school in London and asked a classroom of say thirteen or fourteen year olds,“Who founded London? No one in that classroom would be able to give the correct answer. To me that is a disgraceful state of affairs. Every Londoner or everyone who calls themselves such should know the answer because
it is part of their history and heritage,

Brentford situated further up the River Thames from Westminster also lays claim to fighting between Cassivellaunus and Caesar in 54 BC and have erected a monument to him to remember the event.
The monument is situated outside the county court where an archaeological dig took place before the new building was erected. Numerous finds were found.
Brentford is one of the few places where it would have been easy for Caesar's army to cross owing to the many islands in the River. At low tide it is possible for them to have crossed here.

Further evidence of there being a fortified ford in place here was discovered in 1909 when rows of palisades of oak were discovered and excavated. A plaque on the same monument tells the story along with other events of notable historical interest.

It is strange that Brentford with it's importance of the Caesarian
connections that a local museum does not exist.
However the publican opposite the old iron bridge remembers stories
of how the Romans crossed near the bridge.
The one thing that puzzles me is that the Romans were advancing onto
St.Alban's (Verulamium), maybe there is a confusion of dates here. Maybe this was the Claudian advance of the Romans, because it was written by others that Caesar showed his back to the Briton's at Trinovantum.

As Caesar and his forces left the Briton, Casswallon finally realized that Arfarwy had kidnapped his beloved fleur.Wasting no time Casswallon gathered up his forces and set after set after the scoundrel. So, we have all the elements of a modern day Hollywood spectacular just like Ben Hur except the events that to place here were real and well documented.

Caswallon or as the Romans called him Cassivellaunus is a real hero apart from his royal heritage. His place in history is assured as the person who defied Caesar and defeated him. When Caesar left the shores of Britain Rome had no further interest in the place for nearly 100 years.

Caswallon had held back the advances of the Roman Empire, Caesar returned home the all conquering hero only for the defeat to slowly leak out from the legionnaires and those that were there to witness the event.
Caesar had far more to lose, his name, his reputation, his credibility. He was Rome's most important leader and to return suffering defeat would have meant his demise with the senate.
In order to cover up his defeat he had to gloss over events as they happened.
The one thing he could not explain away was the loss of so many members of his army.
The True story of Llud, Caswallon, Nennius and the British people who lived and fought Julius Caesar is a very powerful one. The proof that this event did take place is scattered all over the internet. Most of it researched with the very documents I have already mentioned.

Casswallon eventually passes on and is succeeded by the rightful heir to the throne Teneufan followed by his son Cynvelyn (Cunobelius).

It is said that Cynvelyn visited Rome and met the Emperor Augustus.This claim was born out by an archeological dig on the Lexdon tumulus in 1922-24. Here a medallion of the Roman Emperor Augustus was found in what is suspected as the tomb of Cynvelyn. It is thought that the Emperor gave it himself to Cynvelyn.

What these King's actually did for Britain was to hold back the advance of the Roman Empire by almost 100 years

which in itself was a remarkable achievement. The time for these forgotten hero's has come for their complete recognition, they deserve it. It is our History and our heritage of which all Briton's today should be proud, including that bunch of Oxford Cambridge skeptics that class themselves as being educated.

Sorry I don't fit into their category I was educated in a grammar school, my teachers were moron's. If I had not delved into the past to find out the truth for myself I would be classed as another moron. It should not be like that. We all
deserve the best education from the best teachers the government can provide.
Education today is vital and must be factual. Living a lie is dangerous for the very structure of society is based on the truth, the whole truth and nothing but. The day of reckoning is fast approaching. What will the academics claim when
new discoveries are made? Fraud is the first, manufactured is the second, fiction the third.

So, where does all my research fit into all of this, is it fiction.No flaming way, Are my writings a fraud? I am only repeating what evidence is available so where's the fraud and where is the profit?
There is no profit in the truth for gods sake, the only motive is to inform and enlighten the general public of the truth.
They of all people as British Citizens they are entitled to know
their history and heritage as well.

It is only a matter of time now before the Oxford Cambridge
Academics finally will concede to the truth as written and laid down in the Mabinogian, the triads, Geoffrey of Monmouth,Nennius and Gilda's and others who have seen the light and know the truth.

Their credibility is in doubt, they are in danger of losing the plot, too much has been revealed, the truth is known they are hiding now behind false hopes and there is no way they can extract themselves except from finally accepting the truth.

There is an empty plinth in Trafalgar Square just waiting for the right person or persons to be placed upon it.That plinth really belongs to those that fought for Britain's freedom and independence so long ago. The time has come for the

Man with Breasts(Knockers)..Click to Enlarge. See footnote 4 below
academics to rethink their logic. Others like myself are doing their own research digging up cans of worms just like this. Today, we want the truth, we expect the truth and nothing less.

The time has come to put your thinking caps on.

It's time for, "TIME TEAM," to clean up it's act, next time they come across the ruins of an old church, think first before jumping to conclusions and bellowing out Roman or Anglo-Saxon. Next time you find foundations of part of the London Wall or Palaces that were not exactly roman, do not cover it up in haste explore and pass on the knowledge you gain to the public.

Today we live in a world of Knowledge, the demand for the truth is all around us. There were many British Kings that followed Llud, Caswallon, Nennius and many other's including King Arthur. They all deserve their rightful place in history.

Royalty did not start with the Anglo Saxon's. It was alive and thriving in Britain long before they or William the conqueror took over in 1066. Historian's who fail to delve beyond this time barrier through to the dark age and beyond are only failing themselves and the general public who have a thirst for knowledge and now demand answers.

Fortunately in this world of high technology, the information gap is narrowing, people now have access to material they never dreamed of years ago. Even libraries these days owing to budget cuts fail to provide the information that should be freely available to everyone not the select few.

I have attempted to uncover the past and put it back into it's true perspective. I researched this following almost every possible lead I could lay my hands on. Photographs have been provided to substantiate my writings. Only you the reader, can decided with all the available evidence I have provided to decide is this fact or fiction?

All material here is Copyright. LONG WINDED MAYBE BUT EDUCATIONAL...Alan Hassell

Sutton Hoo never was Anglo or Saxon by Alan Wilson

Another colleague of Alan Wilson and Baram Blackett is Mr Alan Hassell who lives in London. This tireless researcher is the metal detection expert who has assisted Alan and Baram for may years. The ability to detect larger metal objects up to thirty feet below ground and to differentiate between ferrous and non-ferrous metal when detected was of great value to the research programme.

Alan Hassell took a keen interest in ancient British London, the ‘Troy novantium’ as King Edward I knew of it. He knew of the Brutus Stone that is the ancient foundation stone of London. Adrian Gilbert traced this in 1996 to the resting place of the last remnant of the stone that is in an alcove cut into that wall of a London bank. This Brutus Stone was there from time immemorial until the London Authorities cut away two thirds of it to make way for a road-widening scheme. Jack Cade who is almost certainly Sion O’Ceint –John of Kent in Khumric records, and the leader of the peasants revolt in AD

One of Alan Hassell’s projects was to take a close look at the Sutton Hoo treasures in the British Museum. In common with the persistent policy of achaeologists having only two labels -one Roman and the other Anglo-Saxon- the Museum has come up with the totally unsubstantiated story that the boat burial at Sutton Hoo was probably that of an Angle King named as Redwald. The reasoning Excavation of Ship in !939behind this assertion is flimsy to say the least.

The largest grave mound at Sutton Hoo was excavated in 1939 in the summer just before World War II broke out. The archaeologists did a very good job indeed and they were able to completely expose the entire shape of a large boat that had been buried in the mound although not a scrap of timber remained. They exposed evidence of the ancient planking, and of row upon row of large iron bolts that had been used to secure the wooden planking together, Rows of bolts that lay in gently curing rows outwards from the vanished keel, and upwards from the vanished stern and from the upward curling bow of the vanished ship.

This remarkable find immediately raised the question of who had owned this ship in the mind of Alan Hassell. It was known from the time of Julius Caesar that the British, and their kinsmen in what are now the Breton and Normandy areas of France, used large iron bolts to secure the planks of their ocean going ships. The British had access to the largest iron ore deposits in Western Europe, in South East Wales in Glamorgan, before the Swedish irom ore resources were tapped in relatively modern times. Yet the Angles and Saxons used wooden dowels in their ships. This immediately raises the question of whether this ship that was buried in a grave mound was British or immigrant German Angle or Saxon.

As Alan Hassell points out the grave of King Ceri Longsword, who fought the Romans successfully from AD 52 to AD 74, is at the boat shaped mound at Nash Point as recorded in the Songs of the Graves. The boat shaped grave of King Meurig (My-Rig) the father of King Arthur II is inside a huge boat shaped mound and ditch enclosure on Mynydd y Gaer –Fortress Mountain. This grave mound is around 120 feet (37 meters) long and thirty feet (9 meters) wide. The Songs of the Graves identifies the site of the grave of Bedwyr ap Pedrog (Sir Bedievre) is also clearly boat shaped, and so on. This fact and other traceable evidence of recorded and known British boat shaped burials, raised questions in Alan Hassell’s mind.

He then noticed the remarkable reconstructed purse that was found in the Sutton Hoo ship burial. The leather had rotted away but the jewelled and ornamented parts of this purse remained intact and so restoration was possible. The immediate and plainly obvious fact was that there were representations that appeared to be of the widely known Gilgamesh figure clearly exhibited on this ancient purse. The Gilgamesh epic of the exploits of King Gilgamesh of the ancient city of Uruk,is the major epic story of ancient Mesopotamia and Syria and Asia Minor. This was not a story known to the Angles or the Saxons. There is however a Nordic ancient tale of being attacked by two gigantic wolves.

The animals that are shown attacking the human figures made up of jewels on the side of the purse do in fact appear to have manes. The animal that has a mane is a lion, and therefore it is quite a possibility that these jewelled animals are
depicting lions. The tails of these animals are also important as they are shown as long and curling. This would probably introduce the Bible story of Daniel being thrown into the lion’s den in Babylon. If this is the case then the attribution of the manufacture of this purse by a craftsman, and also the owner’s nationality as a Germanic Angle king is called into question. The human figure is not shown grasping the animals by the throat as is usually the case in the standard Gilgamesh representations.

Gold Purse Click to Enlarge

The Gilgamesh epic would have been known to our Chaldean-Hittite ancestors, who came into Britain and were led by Albyne around 1560 BC, and it would have been known to Trojan people in Western Asia Minor around 650 BC and later.

This again pointed to the fact that the Sutton Hoo ship burial as ancient British and not later German Angle or Saxon. The typical Gilgamesh representation is of a royal male figure standing with his arms outstretched and holding either a pair of lions, or bulls, or even rams, by their necks. The figure shown on the Suttoo Hoo purse is unmistakeably one that is involved with lions and that introduces the story of Daniel in the Lions Den, or that of the legendary founding King Gilgamesh.

Then Alan Hassell looked very closely at the set of golden spoons that were found in the Sutton Hoo ship, and the things that immediately caught his eye was the fact that these spoons had inscriptions cut into their long handles.

Equally important there is a very clear Christian Cross incised on the handle of each spoon immediately below the bowl, and before the lettering. Once again the known fact is that the Angles and Saxons were illiterates and it was not until King Alfred, the poor baker, sent messages to Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, for Geraint y Fardd Glas, for John Scottius, and for John Iregena, to introduce writing into his kingdom that literacy arrived in Anglo-Saxondom. Geraint was known in England as Asser, and he with John Scottius, and John Erigena, are theGolden Spoons and Coelbren--Click to Enlarge

legendary founders of Oxford University. As the golden spoons from Sutton Hoo clearly had a form of the Khumric Coelbren Alphabet cut into the handles it was already almost a impossibility for this ship burial to have been either Angle or Saxon pagan burial.

Alan Hassell who is an expert photographer then looked at another major Sutton Hoo relic. There is a remarkable ornamented golden bowl that was found in the Sutton Hoo ship burial. This bowl is very clearly decorated with ornamentation that shows what can best be described as a number of Maltese style Christian Crosses. These would indicate that it was a Christian person who was being buried, and this immediately raises the question of the race and nationality of that person.

There is however something that is even more remarkable as there is incised on the centre of the Sutton Hoo golden bowl, as plain for everyone to see there is the symbol known as the Star of David. This six-pointed star symbol In the centre of this Star of David symbol is an eight petal flower and this is a royal symbol
The Star of David 'embossed'

found in many ancient Egyptian scenes. Set around inside the six points of the Star are six representations of Lilies and the Lily was an ancient royal emblem that was later used by the Frank-French Kings. Another symbol that appears outside and immediately between the outer points of the Star are six Doves, and again Doves are important symbols of Hebrew –Judean lore, and Doves were a bird that were a frequent sacrifice made to Israel’s God Jehovah.

To round matters off at this stage the remains of a distinctive shaped ‘lyre’ were found in the Sutton Hoo boat, and these pieces were successfully reconstructed to show how this musical instrument might have appeared. It seems that Khumric Wales is once again being located on the dark side of the moon as far as the British Museum is concerned. This Sutton Hoo ‘lyre’ just happens to be the same shape as the ancient Khumric ‘crwyth’ a guitar like musical instrument that was in use until fairly modern times.

It is no co-incidence that when white settlers first began moving into the mid west some 250 years ago they encountered a strange race of White people who were called the Mellungians. The late Jim Michael of Louisville took great interest in researches into these white Mellungian people remain an unsolved American mystery. The best theory that he and Alan Wilson came up with was that they were partly descended from the ancient Khumric migration into this area of North America, and that they might have been the people who contacted the survivors of the disastrous first English colony in North America, and possibly removed them into the interior in Kentucky and Tennessee.

The point here is that the Mellungians still make the same identical musical instrument as the ancient and recent Khumry made and used as their Crwyth. The dates of the lyres are Sutton Hoo around AD 630, the Khumry ‘Welsh’ from time immemorial to around AD 1800, and the Mellungians up to our present times. Exactly the same musical instrument, and one wonders if old King David and Solomon used the same musical instrument.

Just what a very clear six-pointed Star of David symbol doing set prominently in the very centre of the elaborate ornamentation of the golden bowl in the Sutton Hoo ship is a matter of huge interest. This design is harder to miss than it is to see. It the presence of this design that is peculiar to the Kings of Israel, is taken into account with all the other alleged “Anglo-Saxon” relics, records, and remains, then there is a substantial case to be made for a King who was descended from the tribe of Judah whose ancestors arrived in Britain around 504 –500 BC being the person whose monument this Sutton Hoo mound was. All the evidence points in this direction and it give substantial credence to the ages long belief that ancient Davidic Kings were in ancient Britain.

Perhaps it should be clearly stated that neither Alan Hassell, nor Alan Wilson, nor Baram Blackett, has any strong religious beliefs, and none of them are members of any religious organization or society. In fact all of them would have had a quiet laugh if this situation had been proposed to them before they began their investigations. There are however very serious people in Britain and Canada, and probably elsewhere, who firmly believe in a Davidic Link with ancient royalty in Britain.

Their detractors would do well to have a very quiet and very serious rethink.

There is also a magnificent metal helmet that was found in the great boat-burial at Sutton Hoo, and even that artefact is surprising. The Helmet has metal flaps that could be closed to cover the wearers face below the eyes, and the design shows a male person’s face with a moustache, but otherwise clean-shaven. The British were known to be clean-shaven apart from wearing moustaches, and the Angles and Saxons were bearded, and this helmet is major cultural evidence of an
incontrovertible nature. The signs are that the owner and wearer of the helmet was indisputably British and not Germanic.

The burial was that of a British King and we have his portrait to prove it. You only see things if you look for them and Alan Hassell very definitely looked at the Sutton Hoo treasures in the British Museum as well as many other things from
ancient Eastern Britain.

Once we again recognize our ancestral records then we can restore at least part of our ancient History. The archaeologists recognize two ancient cultural explosions of advanced skilled metal working people coming into Britain around 1600 and around 500 BC. The advent of these traceable metal-working cultures into Britain matches with the Historical records of the invasions of Albyne around 1560 BC and of Brutus around 500 BC. Yet the Historical Establishment blindly ignores all this archaeological evidence as if it did not exist.

This Star of David symbol may be of huge significance as there is definitely evidence that when the Assyrians deported huge numbers of Ten Tribe Israel known as the Khumry between 740 – 702 BC, they also deported numbers of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. As the Khumry –Israel Ten Tribes are definitely provably the Khumry known as the Welsh -“walische” -from Old High German, it is logical that member of the Two Tribes of Judea also accompanied them into Britain. Khumric people lived mainly in the West of Britain, but there were Khumric Kings right through the Midlands of what is now England in Warwickshire and Leicestershire. One Khumric King of Leicestershire is recorded in the Brutus of England around AD 720.

So we have a Khumric or Davidic link with symbols plain for all to see on the Sutton Hoo golden bowl. We have straight stroke ancient British Coelbren writing incised on two gold spoons. We have a ship made with iron bolts in British fashion, and not in Anglo-Saxon fashion.

An attempt to try to read the short inscriptions on the handles of the two gold spoons found at Sutton Hoo was made by Alan Wilson and Baram Blackett. They did this because there is no apparent effort at decipherment into what is called
“Anglo-Saxon”.

..
Can you see the mixing of truth and lies..Totally intentionsl so as to accomplish/confirm today's Status Quo...an eventual peaceful compromise..Troedyrhiw

The short inscriptions appear to from read left to right starting from the spoon bowls and preceeded by the Christian Cross..One spoon appears to have either + CAU LLOC or CAW LLOC incised on the handle.

Click to Enlarge
Click to Enlarge
Click to Enlarge

CAU means “enclosed”, and this could be in the sense of being “enclosed” in a protective manner.
Then: -
CAW means “a graduated bard”.
Then: -
LLOC basically means “a pen” or a “fold” (as in ‘a sheepfold’)
There are then several LLOC + words, and we have
1.“Lloches” meaning “shelter” or “refuge”.
Next there is: -
2.“Lochesu” meaning “to cherish” or “to shelter”.
Then there is: -
3. “Llochiad” meaning “protect”.

If these two spoons are sacred spoons that might have been used in an anointing of Coronation ceremony, then this may start to makesense.
The inscription on the second spoon appears to be either
+ NAU LOC or NAW LOC
incised on the handle and once again the fouth letter is difficult. There is a possibility that it is a ‘D’. Otherwise it suggests an ‘L’, or less likely a ‘LL’. So we may have NAW or otherwise NAWDD.
NAW means “kin”.
Then: -
“NAWDD” means ‘patronage’ or ‘protection’ or ‘support’.

Then: -OC means “from”, or “of”, or “out of”.

If these brief phrases can be construed as associated with a qualified person who is able to offer Shelter or Protection, or is to be a person offered some form of Christian Shelter or Protection, then it is quite possible that the golden spoons are part of the equipment required in some form of anointing ritual. The presence of a clear ChristianCross symbol on each spoon that preceeds the short inscription certainly points towards the spoons being used in Christian ceremonial occasions.

There are then two other strange designs on the Sutton Hoo purse made of gold and jewel stones. These designs show a large bird of prey attacking a duck(central image on purse), and anyone who has read the Khumric ‘Mabinogi’ solar and stellar stories will immediately recognize this scene as from the Mabinogi of Peredur -Steel Shirt, where Peredur sees a bird of prey kill a similar Duck and causes the red blood to flow and to mark the white snow on the ground. So just why is this British motif portrayed on the magnificent Sutton Hoo purse, if the Sutton Hoo burial allegedly was not British? Well done Mr Hassell.

Another matter that needed consideration was the existence of a corpus of ancient writings that had again been casually labelled as Anglo-Saxon despite the fact that these primitive tribes that had entered devastated depopulated Britain in chaos after the catastrophe of the impacts of debris from the passing comet of AD 562, were illiterates. Several of these surviving documents carry the name of the author (or copyist) and he was named as Caedmon, and Caedmon is a distinctly British name and definitely not an Angle or Saxon name.

Add to this the Khumric Welsh historical note that the language that finally prevailed in Lloegres, or Moon Country or England, was that of the Icinglas. It means that the Language that prevailed and eventually became English was the language of the Iceni Nation of Eastern England. The Iceni are probably best known through their Queen Boudicca –Boddicea, who led a major campaign against the Romans. Her final conflict with the Romans took place at Gop Paulini or Paulinus’ Gap in North East Wales where it appears that the Romans stood in a natural geographic gap position to avoid being outflanked by the superior numbers of the British Iceni nation. The largest battlefield grave mound in Britain marks the site, and a standing stone on a nearby hill is associated with the Queen Boudicca. If the language of the Iceni prevailed as the foundation or cornerstone of English, and the Iceni are descendants of the Albyne invasion of around 1560 BC then English is the oldest Language in Britain...

Sutton Hoo.. by Alan Wilson

Alan Hassell

If you read this carefully you will note that the Angles and the Saxons were Illiterate meaning they could not read or write.
Then maybe someone can explain WHY THE so called historians and academics who appraised the new discovery claiming it was Saxon overlooked what appears to be writing on some of the finds.?
Why is it when they get taken to task they always find a way of getting things silenced? What happened to free speech we were guaranteed? Everyone is entitled to know the truth and if there are lies misinfornations if false information is given the public is entitled to know the truth. We have proved beyond reasonable doubt that the Sutton Hoo treasure is not Saxon.
Let the academics who claim it is prove beyond reasonable doubt that it is what they claim it to be show us the proof or own up to the lies deciets the establishment foist on us. We want our real history and we want in now even if it means you losing your lucrative overpaid jobs.

PART ONE...Here(new page)

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http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/what-did-the-romans-ever-do-for-us-if-they-didnt-build-our-roads-2238592.html
Troedyrhiw.
Sutton Hoo...overlooking the River Deben in Suffolk England.
I swung Google Street Maps into action and attempted to have a peep at what may be offered to the visiting public....Alas no roads were available to the Google Street motor-cars that were carrying their 8 cameras...
Reminds one of China..What on earth would the English Trust Foundation be attempting to hide or possibly show to paying customers only..
No Public access roads to anywhere near to the excavation site..Begs a question that does.The Foundation needs another title.

Sutton Hoo...Suffolk England

Troedyrhiw
Such a long Walk..Brutus or London Stone..But well worth it..Click to enlarge

Brutus or London Stone..I walk the full length of Cannon Street in London looking for this Mystical Stone knowing EXACTLY as to what I was looking for..I started by turning left onto Cannon Street...Traffic hid my side glances..Got very concerned when nothing appeared and I was reaching the East End of Cannon Street..I start back the way I came toward the street where I entered Cannon...JUST 20 YARDS PAST THAT STREET, after over an hour looking and dodging the traffic..I see The Stone in all its glory.My legs were not tired at all but my ass was as sore as hell.That is one of the Problems when you use Google Street Maps to find something :-)"

You see the Google marker showing its position at the REAR of Cannon Street..The DLM(Dynamic Little Man)is positioned in the Street,as he was designed to do..If he swings about 3 cameras(125deg) to his left he will observe a store named "London Stone"(See couple with red and blue top in front...zoom in)) facing onto Cannon Street..The Google marker is in the toilet of said store..at the bottom of the garden.
Hence,once again Google takes the rap.
Luckily..By good fortune, this happened in Cockney-land England where laughter and sound advice(any) is the order of the day..The Chinese would have immediately suspended their licence once again and demanded toilet training for all said Google Engineers involved in this "disturding" piece of "misinformation":-)).

References and Footnotes

Back to paragraph..
1..."Jewish quarter in Ludgate was stormed and materials"..Alan Hassell
See Gutenberg CHAPTER XXXVII
OLD JEWRY..HERE

Back to Image..
2.."RUINS OF THE BARBICAN ON LUDGATE HILL..Is this a sketch of centuries of abuse and neglect or the aftermath of the severe German bombings of London in this area ?..I DON'T KNOW,SO IT IS UP TO YOU IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN THE 'TRUTH'

Back to the Llud image
3..Who are they?..."St Dunstan's is one of the Guild Churches in the City of London, built in 1831 following the destruction of the original church, which dated from around 1070"..."Restoration projects...We are fundraising to restore our organ, built in 1834".."We are also hoping to restore the statues of Queen Elizabeth and King Lud in our churchyard with the help of the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings."...To Help restore..see HERE
...

Back to Image..
4.."Trafalgar Square has 4 plinths (columns), three have historic statues on them and the fourth has been empty since 1841. For the past 8 years there has been a changing exhibition of different sculptures by contemporary artists, each on display for almost a year. These have included a coloured glass hotel, a marble torso (pictured), a clear resin cast of the plinth, and a tree. The proposals for the next round are on display and one of them is an eco sculpture by treehugger favourite Bob & Roberta Smith (who is actually one man). "

"Finalists for the fourth and last plinth in Trafalga Square....The artists are Allora & Calzadilla, Elmgreen & Dragset, Katharina Fritsch, Brian Griffiths, Hew Locke and Mariele Neudecker"..."The selected artist is due to be announced by the Mayor of London early next year, with the artwork they produce being installed after the current work, Nelson's Ship in a Bottle by Yinka Shonibare MBE has been taken down at the end of 2011" (grama aint two good is-it)
See... http://www.london.gov.uk/fourthplinth/

Troedyrhiw
If thee names of said 'artists' suggests anything ...it would be that we have
as finalists..two circus double acts or the pairs World Wrestling Nasties...a Half Soviet German from Hollywood??..A Welshman that changes his first name from Bran by introducing an "eye",followed by an Irishman that cannot spell his first name..The last and possible eventual winner is just the wife of old Red Doubledecker..the Mayor's personal chauffeur....and somewhere else on the site I find this little dosey "The 2011 Fourth Plinth Schools Awards are kindly supported by Guaranty Bank of Nigeria."

Note
The above was written by Alan some years ago.. Go here dated 11 March 2011 for an update as to why the Khumry(Welsh) battled with horse drawn chariots...Troedyrhiw

Alan Wilson and King Arthur and the Britons(videos)

2008-11-17T21:28:00.007-05:00

For Fullscreen..See 4 'X's..below.(box in RH corner of screenbar)

Alan Wilson with the Trojans and the Britons

Diachronic Linguistics... 'Stealing with Stealth'..Saxonic long boat black-op

2008-11-16T18:56:00.243-05:00

November 02, 2008
Drag pointer slowly OVER images for maximum effectiveness(with Left Hand Mouse buttom down)).....There may be some future covert disturbance.(Firefox users..see top of home page)

----- Original Message -----
From: paul evano (Troedyrhiw)
To: stag@asis.com (Jack Flaws)

CC's to:
eve.parry@btopenworld.com;jt@royalhold.co.uk..gsgreek@co.pub.edu; peternwster@gmail.com;hoffman@revisionisthistory.org;
peter.farrington@helvar.com..mcgowan@hws.edu;
hmakow@gmail.com;acharya_s@yahoo.com..amcb@ucla.org.ca;
geocher@minosta.edu;evans@mosc.edu.ru;webmaster@rense.com;
llangefni@ieuanwynjones.org;adborth.cymru@bbc.co.uk;
feedback.wales@bbc.co.uk;margolis@foreigncorrespondent.com;

Sent: Sunday, November 02, 2008 11:02 PM
Subject: Just a wonderful response Jack
Note:- Additional text to actual exchanged emails are enclosed in 'square brackets' [ thus ]..If Jack replies to this URL..Then all square brackets will be null and void..All images are new.

Jack......Sir
Your:-
http://www.asis.com/users/stag/starchiv/britain.html

Many references to 'England' in your pages,in a time that the Khymri/Cymri (Welsh) dominated the "Isle of Britain"..

"Various and many historical documents indicate that, after Jerusalem, the first Christian church was established in England.It's founder, and founder as well of many seminaries, was Joseph of Arimathea, the uncle of the Virgin Mary. He was Jesus' great uncle. Joseph was a rich merchant with a large fleet of ships that ran the tin trade for the Roman Empire, between England and the Mediterranean. As Jesus' great uncle, Joseph became Jesus' Guardian (by Law, as next of kin) when Mary's husband Joseph died early in Jesus' life. He took Jesus with him on his journeys to Glastonbury,England. The place we know as Avalon; the King Arthur Avalon. This is the location of the first Christian church built above ground.To paraphrase an old saying, "All Christian roads lead to England ."The following informtaion was taken from two of the many volumes on the subject of Jesus' spending time in Britain. They are, the Traditions of Glastonbury, by E. Raymond Capt, and Did Our Lord Visit Britain, by C.C. Dobson."

The 'English' were STILL looking searchingly across the North Sea towards the Brittanic Isle speculating as too what possibly could be over there, at the time Jesus was born, up until the time the Romans left the Isle in the very early 5th century.....over 400 years later...[ and then they just came over for the day because of King Arthur's temper. Go Here Jack for historic review and tell Tim Matthews I sent you.

The Angles and Saxons called the Briton-Cymry "the Welsh"

["In the early Anglo-Saxon period, slaves were generally British captives - a common Anglo-Saxon term for a slave was "wealh" (from which we get "Welsh;" it also meant "foreigner." There were also slaves by "wite-theow" (penal enslavement), and people sometimes sold themselves or their children into slavery in order to settle their debts"...J.P.Sommerville]

[While you are away,go to my list of stories on home page and click on the item regarding the Welsh having a monkey on its back and use the translation tool for "German"(Deutsch) and then tell me that the anglo-saxon frat ain't(poor English there)STILL got it in for the CYMRI(Briton).. Pointless saying "get over it"..because there is the Internet now to contend with..Jack
Presently,there are several private "New Stock Exchanges" dealing not in "futures" Jack,but in "pasts".."HISTORICAL PASTS"..Guardians of Private Libraries that have never seen the light of day are been offered and being pick-up for $billions..Could be the next "Gold Standard".

The importance of Anglo-Italiano Religious and Political relationships is stripped naked here when one then re-translates THIS page Jack..
The Pope's 'Mafia-oso' translates "Britons as "Inglesi" and the "Welsh/Wales" as "Gallese/Galles" ,,I think that is the rationale for old Julius Caesar getting a knife in the back..He was station in Galle and never invaded Britannica successfully, sailing from Gaul across the "English" Channel..He always was a bigmouth.

What I am seeking to do Jack is to open your mind and eyes to the EXTENT of lie and misinformation and downright 'black-op' underhandedness that has transpired through the passage of just the last(say)2000 years]..
When Obama and Brown and the rest of the ragtrade passes THEIR new version of the "Internet Laws of Fairness" restricting the questioning of things already passed(historical sense)..The Net will be just a shadow of its potential..Their advisors ,mostly Psycho-analysts and not Net experts will express to them in that God-like personal manner,that Nations cannot afford a new and total "mental synthesis" of its people..if ALL MAJOR TRUTHS progressively and systematically came to light.
Can one imagine the World having to deal with that remarkable development.

People that seek the truth so that the evil and criminal elements can be reduced,then eventually eliminated and then ensure that standards of behaviour can continiously improve will obviously be hunted down as quickly as is possible.
Why is this??..Because the public firstly do not know what is going on in this big World of ours..They ARE NOT COWARDS..Information and the manner in which it is communicated is paramount in its importance..What will you be talking tonight about Jack?

[Here is another story regards English Historical precedents and it concerns your dear Glastonbury and Richard Whiting,the last Abbot of that beautiful place.

"Not only the Crown gained by the Dissolution - many royal administrators and clients lined their pockets with monastic money.

Little Jack Horner
Sat in the corner,
Eating a Christmas pie;
He put in his thumb,
And pulled out a plum,
And said,
What a good boy am I!

Jack Horner was the steward of the last Abbot of Glastonbury, Richard Whiting. In 1543, as part of an attempt to obtain Henry VIII's favor, Whiting sent Jack Horner to the king with title deeds of a number of valuable properties. To foil thieves, these deeds were concealed in a large pie.
On the journey, Jack Horner surreptitiously opened the pie and extracted the deed of Mells Manor, Somerset.

Shortly after the Dissolution of the Monasteries , the Horner family moved into Mells Manor, and live there to this day.
BUT,
The steward's name was Thomas, not Jack ,although it is true that 'Jack' is a common English nickname for any amusing rogue.
There is no written source for this story before the 18th century. (yet we have Henry a C16th King)
The Horner family has always insisted that the manor was perfectly legitimately purchased (along with some other properties)." ]

Caradoc('Caractacus' in the Latin)....King of the Welsh Silures was dominant throughout the Britannic Isles..It was he that welcomed and received Joseph of Arimathea to the shores of a country that the Romans respected so much....See Gaius Julius Caesar's words of praise..and many Roman contemporary writers of that historical period..Your page do not make any reference whatsoever
Read the Churchillian speech of Caradoc to Claudius and the Roman Senate after his capture(betrayal)..It was his father Bran that brought Christianity into Britain just a mere couple of years BEFORE Jesus was put to that cross.Your page do not make any reference whatsoever..

[..:From the book by Isabel Hill Elder
The Welsh or Cymry, as the eldest tribe, held three
priorities. Priority as the first colonizers of Britain;
priority of government and priority in matters of learning and
culture.(11) From this premier tribe was to be elected the
Pendragon, or military dictator with absolute power for the time
being in the case of national danger or foreign invasion.
Caractacus, third son of Cunobelinus, had now succeeded his
father as Pendragon under the title Arviragus, or 'high king'.
This Pendragon was proudly referred to by his fellow countrymen
as 'The Praiseworthy Opposer'. Arviragus had yet another name,
Gueirydd (Justiciary), from his office of administrator of
justice, and by this name is mentioned in the Welsh Chronicles.
These three titles by which this ancient king of renown was known
have been a source of confusion in the minds of historical
students and others, which would not exist if the custom of the
ancient Britons, that of using titular designations, were better
known. The case under consideration is a good example of this
custom; in elucidation the following may be noted: in seven
genealogical charts setting forth his pedigree, Arviragus is
shown to be the son of Cunobelinus and grandsire of Lucius (in
whose reign Christianity was established as the national
religion); in the pedigree according to the classics, i.e. Julius
Caesar, Tacitus, Suetonius, Dion Cassius and Orosius, Caractacus
is shown to be the son of Cunobelinus; in Rome Caractacus was
known also by his title, Arviragus, and is so referred to by the
poet Juvenal. In the pedigree according to Tysilio and in the
Welsh Chronicles, Caractacus appears under his title Gueirdd
(Justiciary), son of Cunobelinus and grandsire of Lucius.

Further, in the Triads, and some of the Welsh genealogies,
Caractacus appears as the son of Bran and grandsire of Lucius.
Bran, a contraction of Brenhan, i.e. 'King', is mentioned in the
Triads as 'Bran the Blessed' (the Blessed King). This was the
designation of Cunobelinus following his acceptance of
Christianity and his resignation of the crown in favour of his
third son, Caractacus. Bran the Blessed became Archdruid of
Siluria in order to devote the remainder of his life to
Christianity into which Druidism was beginning to merge.

Caradoc (Caractacus) was no rude savage fighting out of mere
animal instinct or in ignorance of the might of his adversary.
Familiar with the Latin language, this king was a true
representative of the higher classes of the Britons,'among whom a
as general taste for literature, a keen susceptibility to all
intellectual gratifications, a minute acquaintance with all the
principles and practice of their own national jurisprudence, and
a careful training in the schools of the rhetoricians, was very
generally diffused. Hence the rejoicing at Rome when this
military leader was BETRAYED and subsequently conducted through
the capital, amidst the excitement of three MILLION inhabitants
who thronged the line of procession to obtain a view of the
formidable captive.' The Senate was convened; the famous trial of
Caradoc followed, in which before the tribunal of the Emperor he
delivered himself thus..]

Caradoc speaks(taped by Tacitus) "[..Had my government in Britain been directed solely with a view to the preservation my hereditary domains, or the aggrandizement of my own family, I might, long since, have entered this city an ally, not a prisoner; nor would you have disdained for a friend,a prince, descended from illustrious ancestors, and the dictator of many nations. My present condition, stripped of its former majesty, is as adverse to myself as it is a cause of triumph to you. What then? I was lord of men, arms, horses, wealth.What wonder if at your dictation I refuse to resign them! Does it follow that because the Romans aspire to universal dominion every nation is to accept the vassalage they would impose? I am now in your power, BETRAYED, NOT conquered. Had I, like others, yielded without resistance, where would have been the name of Caradoc[Caractacus]? Where your glory? Oblivion would have buried both in the same tomb. Bid me live. I shall survive for ever in history, one example at least of Roman clemency." ]

Rant
[ Yet YOU "Jack Flaws" an AM-FM God-ly Shock Jock(GSJ) communicated with him (Caradoc) at 1.32 of the morning of the 20th Jan 2000 Eastern Standard Time ..almost 9 years ago..(See adjacent AOL black-op hidden camera image.)
The questions and interrogatives that are sploshing the now stained walls of all Historic Halls in The United States of America arises from the fact that all
tenured and non-tenured Dark Age Ph.D's(Piled higher and Deeper)agreed with the historical ancients that it was"Cartimandua" Queen of the Brigantes that put the boot in..so to speak..
Your amateurish involvement has now developed an unfathomable schism within the Dark Age Community..You have set the Gregorian Calender back 2000 years. ]Rant ends

Britannia, was the very first Christian declared country--by King Caradoc...and Yes, the lost tribes did eventually land in Britannia [Historically,this appears to be the case.BUT only 70% reliablity is assured] See Here..Genesis 10-5 or HERE...Take the plunge into the argument and they being the third invasion of that isle..the second being Brutus and his Trojans..The first is still in the argument stage of truthfulness...Your page do not make any reference whatsoever
The Assyrians knew the Lost Tribes as 'The Khymree'..It is in their History books..even today.
Semitic linguae(tongues) have a perplexing and amazing morphology...- rules for generating permissible words..Welsh is such.Your page do not make any reference whatsoever

Never forget..The 'privileged' few and élite with wealth sustain ALL the authoritative private depository libraries.
Let it be said unequivocally, this is the rationale for the US,Israeli and Brit mercenaries 'recent' looting of the Museums and Libraries of Iraq...Everyone knew it was going to happen,yet most scholars just stood back and wondered what riches was in store for themselves...Speak with the Irani 'Chalabi' and/or his cousin...
They can take my oil..They can take my wealth and they can take my women..but they better be mindful of a battle if they endeavour to assume my language and/or my racial inheritance.

Read the very last but one verse in Timothy 2 - 4:21 "Do thy diligence to come before winter. Eubulus greeteth thee, and Pudens, and Linus, and Claudia, and all the brethren.(KJB)
If you don't have a bible I totally understand..SEE Here :-)

Claudia is Caractacus's daughter with Pudens a Roman Senator and Army Officer her husband..Linus is Caradoc's son and it was he that became the VERY first Bishop of Rome..not Paul..
Extant literature confirms without argument these historical figures and their inter-relationships...Caradoc's other son of questionable identity(still) was married to the Emperor's(Claudius ) daughter..Your page do not make any reference whatsoever

There were NEVER EVER any Celts in the British Isle...Ireland yes,but not the Isle of Britannica..The myth was created by primarily English and Scot Historians and Entymologists that were very interested in personal financial improvements and their academic future...'Tenure-ship' has a way of making good men unreasonable..Angle-Saxon and Picti history is quite sad really..

This writer has several 17th century Brit-Romano history books where the words "Celt" or "Keltoi" do not exist.......Cymri..Cymric Cymru..Kymru..Khymri...Khymru YES.

Will Shakespeare concentrated on the likes of King Lear and Cymbelline in the 16th century
Old Will's forgetfulness,exaggeration and over-emphasis of historical Britannic 'heroes' was not received to well by the then Welsh Tudors Royal Elizabethan family who were 'not amused' by his interpretation of "historical truths"

Ironically and yet expectable, it was the Victorians more than two hundred and fifty years later who became "amused" and it was their enthusiasm that made Old Will 'famous' , the "Victorians"..not the period of the [Welsh and] Welsh Tudors..Henry 5th [House of Lancaster]..7th..8th..and King Henry 8th's Tudor daughters..both "bastards" apparently

"THE MYTH OF A CELTIC AND ROMAN BRITAIN
In order to free your mind from 150 years of re-writing and to rescue British history from the Orwellian memory hole it is vital to expose the two "big myths" at the heart of the 19th Century, newly invented Oxbridge Standard Edition of the past.The first myth is that of 'Celts' in Britain.There were NONE! Wilson and Blackett's research is supported by brave academics ,Professor John Collis and Dr Simon James who, together, prove that not until 1707 did the terms Celtic and British become fatally joined in a marriage of ideological expedience...Before that there were no hill-dwelling, primitive magick-worshipping 'Celts' in our history books but, instead, we had the real, non-fictional ancient British Khumry whose advanced civilization, fierce independence and warlike nature helped build a powerful British nation of between 8-10 million people able to defeat the invading and hated Romans 60 times in battle.Pictured here, Julius Caesar whose armies were smashed by the triumphant Khumry and their brothers throughout the land..This is an important show[radio] as these two myths have been used to attack, denigrate and ridicule the massive and real achievements of our noble ancestors....Once the tissue of lies is challenged and the myths exposed for what they are, the Oxbridge Standard Edition starts to crumble upon examination...Welcome to the truth! Welcome to the real world! Featured on Show #9, "Artorius Rex Discovered" by Alan Wilson and Baram Blackett, the underground classic written in 1986 under heavy pressure and against huge official opposition. Supported and promoted by readers around the world, particularly in South Wales and throughout Britain.. Artorius Rex is a vital part of any historians book collection.

Available now from: ..Alan Wilson,
Ancient British Historical Association,
Vicarage Court, St. James,
Benwell Lane
Newcastle-Upon-Tyne,
NE15 6RS
United Kingdom"

URGENT PRESS RELEASE, JULY 20TH 2006

"NEW RESEARCH AMATEURISH AND FLAWED,"
SAYS LEADING BRITISH HISTORIAN.

"Ancient British history, the history of the Khumric people, is under attack," says Alan Wilson, Britain's foremost expert on these matters.

"A new genetic study by a team based at University College, London, under Dr. Mark Thomas, is amateurish and fatally flawed because it ignores the best historical evidence", Wilson adds. Thomas claims that invading Anglo-Saxons gained a position of power within the British Isles through a "system of apartheid", supposedly explaining how, over a period of 300 years, the ancient British, numbering at least six million (the number given in Salway's Roman Britain, 1981), were supplanted by Anglo-Saxons, numbering in the tens of thousands.

"But this is nonsense," says Wilson, co-author of seven books on ancient British history and whose best-selling paperback The Holy Kingdom caused uproar when published in 1997. "Massive historical evidence points to much of Britain being devastated by a cometary strike in the mid 6th Century. Astronomers at Cardiff University agree with us, as do astrophysicists including Dr. Victor Klube of Oxford University and dendrochronologists led by Dr. Michael Baillie of Belfast. All agree that a comet hit Britain and yet this research, and that of other scientists, has been completely ignored by Dr. Thomas."

REAL HISTORY

The destruction caused by the comet, is, Wilson says, the simplest, best, most appropriate and only factual explanation for the growth of Anglo-Saxon power from the 7th Century onwards. Subsequent Anglo Saxon invasions could not have succeeded without this disaster. "We are in trouble if academics can ignore the best historical evidence we have," Wilson continued. "Clearly, as explained in Welsh historical records of huge integrity, the comet struck causing massive devestation and the main victims were the Khumric people."

REAL EVIDENCE

One ancient Khumric record, the Brut Tyssilio, speaks of, "a star of great magnitude and brilliance with a single beam shining from it. At the end of this beam was a ball of fire, spread out in the shape of a dragon..."

Another, the Life of St. Teilo (who lived mid sixth Century), states, "St. Teilo received the pastoral care of the church of Llandaff to which he had been consecrated....but could not long remain, however, on account of the pestilence which nearly destroyed the whole nation....it was called the Yellow Pestilence because it occasioned all persons who were seized by it to be yellow without blood and it appeared to men as a watery column of cloud having one end trailing along the ground and the other above, proceeding in the air and passing through the entire country like a shower going through the bottom of the vallies."

MANY SOURCES

These are but two examples of a multiplicity of historical sources pointing in the same direction but which have been ignored by Dr. Mark Thomas. "The Anglo-Saxon invasion would have been impossible without the cometary strike," argues Wilson, "and you cannot ignore 99% of the historical evidence and make effective progress, which is why genetic studies such as this much-publicised recent effort are so flawed."

REAL ANSWERS

"If we want the answers to important historical questions that are the basis for the origins of the Welsh Dragon, and the real heritage and culture of the Khumric and British people, then we need look no further than the ancient records," says Wilson.

"Dr. Thomas and his team at University College London have replaced historical fact with modern-day fiction and they clearly have not done their homework."

ENDS

For more please visit, realhistory.libsyn.com or realhistoryradio.blogspot.com
In support of the Ancient British Historical Association, Chairperson, Alan Wilson
E-mail, realhistoryradio@aol.com
http://realhistorymedia.blogspot.com/

[ Alan Wilson and his associate Geneologist Baram Blackett are on "special assignment"..Their blog pages and Radio transmissions are temporary down..However,the Radio shows are archived Here (listen) and their website Here ]

Yours truly will now just saunter along and 'visit' your next page [Jack]..Who knows what may be in store...What I have stated above may very well be scribbled on the next page..lets hope, for that is all we can hope for.

This is a very 'interesting' site indeed..Although that comment is quite truthful,one can NEVER be certain of the driving force(motive) that lurks with/within the school of "Religious Broadcasting"...Qui Bono

"Qui Bono is a legal principle which says that whoever gains from a particular action or outcome is probably responsible for it"
[ Before you contemplate your view of responsibility here Jack,have a look at THESE KIDS ]
History is the memory banks of Mother Nature..Ignore it and your computer goes down.:-)
Truth needs no memory bank allocation.

Troedyrhiw
Ps.....I see you offer "PayPal"...That articulates a good deal more than prognosticated.
Pss...A Statistical Mathematician and Etymologist/Lexicographer could have a field day with your "Gemantria". :-))..I have a couple of used Saddam's WMD on order..make an offer.............................................no PayPal

00000000000000000000000000000000000

Jack
Without malice or intent to injure.
Your ego stands unchallenged :-))

Firstly, understand and translate the cacography(below) that you took the time and spent the effort in creating.
I just assume by default that your Radio Producer composes/writes the Radio script for you..??
Your reactive toxicant is quite discernible the status quo for "Radio Announcers(shock jocks)".from .(Rush Hudson)Limbaugh...Dr. Laura...Imus...Savage....Hannity et.al and etc...to the human manufacturer himself CEO master jock Mark Masters.

[What do these sentences mean...are they abbreviated, or is it page 23(code 19) out of Da Vinci's personal diary
"I don't know if you are Paul or Keith, but you both have big egos."
"You make many wrong assumptions, having not even tried to see all my Britain pages or my "Lost Tribes pages.
"Get over yourself.
"No reply necessary or accepted.
"Sooner."
"Faith Is A Verb Works don't make a Christian, a Christian makes Works."
"Get Some Son Today""

"I don't know if you are Paul or Keith, but you both have big egos."
Indeed Jack,..Keith and Paul yesterday..David today...Morphing just like the those fleeting shadows in the orchard and cemetery
Don't you understand this new medium..As a shock jock one would have thought by now that the changeling affect would have borne some common sense and expectations..

It seems that the old "Radio egoists" (I have a great Ed Morrow voicebox) will never wear a tie again and more importantly NEVER face the 'Cameras of Truth' ...How execrably and frightfully sad..
I will in time Jack 'peruse' your OTHER pages (promis -without the 'e' :-))..I think I repeat myself here..

"Works don't make a Christian, a Christian makes Works."
..and pray tell this soul of hope .."What have YOU done today Jack.
Why do you rhinos of radio spit out such ridiculous thoughts of evangelical 'wisdom' and praise..Jesus spoke logically and that is the reason people understood the message..Not sew confusion..See here Jack Educate-Yourself.org ..The British-Israel Hidden Hand
You radiomiesters messaging techniques has Freud and Jung congratulating each other in the carpeted aisle of their 'Sinagod'.

As a casual reminder dear Jack...Matthew ..Mark.. Luke and John ..and others.
Had it NOT been for THEIR WORKS there would be NO Christians today..So works do make a Christian..Billions and tens of billions of them over these last 2,000 years.

Those people(Welsh ego starts)..the Quakers, did not speak to those that they met in the manner that "you people" attempt to communicate..Most definitely,what is necessary is a complete 'overall' in the manner that Christianity is presented which may require reverting back to the 2nd century..Are you prepared to go back Jack ..back in time for the TRUTH.
The literature still exists....and THEY are not going to tell you that.....are they Jack

"Faith Is A Verb "
A 'Verb' is regarded as an "open-class" word which mean's Jack that an independent meaning can be assigned to it...The actionable(doing) aspect of 'faith' is normally commendable..

However,what does one do when (say) an innocent Ashkenazi asks you directly "What is your Faith mate"(he's Australian)...do you hit him on his beanie (actionable) and tell him to buzz off..or do you then SLLLL-IDE into yet another interpretive mode of the word "faith'..Get my point Jack.
I do not think that Jesus ever argued this point of grammatical correctivity with the Sanhedryn elders Jack...Their English was terrible anyway:-)

Why don't you challenge ON RADIO this type of secretive hypocrisy Jack (below) and then maybe Jesus will smile again...Please be warned that below is the NICEST of the webpages..Do not go there if you are currently taken any high blood pressure medication or contemplating converting to another Faith...The sites URL's name also warns you.
http://christianparty.net/talmudantichristian.htm
31. "All vows, oaths, promises, engagements, and swearing, which, beginning this very day or reconciliation till the next day of reconciliation, we intend to vow, promise, swear, and bind ourselves to fulfill, we repent of beforehand; let them be illegalized, acquitted, annihilated, abolished, valueless, unimportant. Our vows shall be no vows, and our oaths no oaths at all." -Schulchan 9ruch, Edit. 1, 136. The Jewish Kol Nidre "All Vows" Oath has been set to a morbid Jewish music, and is often heard on the radio. It is sung as a chant at each Yom Kippur [Jewish New Year service September 17]

"Get over yourself."
reverse dictionary results >>Zero
There's a similar idiomatic expression , "Have you got tickets on yourself", which is Australian ....here ...with my fondest regards Jack
A Christian that insults another Christian is called a... 'verb'? ...no ?? ....Please help me out here Jack.

"Get Some Son Today"
Is this from your radio weather-man Jack or from some 'loose lady' hanging around the station offices . :-))

"No reply necessary or accepted."
Well Jack if you have got thus far..the comment is just null and void..eh..Your ego just kicked in :-)
Nothing wrong having a ego Jack..Some people call it confidence..Some analysts indicate its just deprived peoples inward activated jealousy toward the learn-ed..
[Sooner]
Please reply Jack as I have ALMOST enough for my book:-))..titled "Speak when you are spoke to..A Radio Narrative"..[The SOONER the better]

Without malice or intent to injure.

(Troedyrhiw)David ...(Dai/Dewi in Welsh-pronounced -'Di'- )Also the Patron saint of Wales (circa 520-600AD)born in the very same 'shire' (Pembroke) as 'St. Patrick'...another Welshman .....'.yes that's the one ..Learn something every day ..eh Jack

Seriously...
PayPal...Why do you provide business for these folks?..Forget the above Just answer this question Jack.

Troedyrhiw

Note...I wrote this story over two years ago Go here for update on the Welsh(Khumry's) capabilities at that time...dated 11 March 2011 and as to why they(Welsh) battled with horse drawn chariots ...Troedyrhiw

Troedyrhiw..The Village at 'The Foot of the Hill'

2008-11-15T20:21:00.007-05:00

Troedyrhiw..The Village at 'The Foot of the Hill'

Important Move pointer slowly OVER images for maximum effectiveness...Agendums may be codified for black-op pre-emptiveness..:-)..MOST pages carry "hidden messages"..When the pointer moves over an image(LH button down) it shows the hidden message which Mozilla does not do(blame W3C)...so there is an "add-on" for Firefox,Netscape 7 and Mozilla alternate image..Please go Here to download the open source add-on..It only takes a second and its well
worth it

Troedyrhiw(Troy-dur-rue)..What or Who is it..

Double Click images and then look for full screen icon

Troedyrhiw...East Side taken from half way up the Western Side mountain(hill)
These rocky cliffs carry so many legends and myths and historical facts,that as children very few ventured anywhere near to them..except the sheep(hundreds of them) and the farmer who rounded them up EVERY DAY as that was the "superstition" surrounding this area..
Up close,the cliffs appear enormous and frightening ..a few eagles visits,but the grass kept trim down mostly by sheep with their uncanny balance and footnedness..Very few experienced a tragic ending apparently

Troedyrhiw...West Side taken from half way up the Eastern Side mountain(hill)

Upper right of center the small-motorway bridge visible, recently replaced a massive stone bridge that carried the World's first Steam Engine and carriages in the very early 1800's...The machine was invented,designed and commissioned in Merthyr Tydfil (Mirth-R-Tidvil)..the Steel and Iron supplier to the Rest of the World... and only 3 miles north of Troedyrhiw..

"MERTHYR AND MARMALADE"

It was at this time that many Welsh, mainly coalminers and foundry experts and their families emigrated to the US and settled in an area that originally they and King George's representative "William Penn" called "New Wales"..The King apparently was not amused and called it "Pennsylvania"..one of the 13 original British colonies that formed the United States...The name being called not after Penn himself but after his daddy who George owed a "favour" to..(nothing ever changes does it-except diapers :-)

Much more Infor to come...

See Here for Harry Secombe's main fame...the short fat guy with the funny laugh in the beginning

Special Pics

2008-05-28T19:27:00.085-04:00

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Old Merthyr Website ..Troedyrhiw is Caractacus(an ancient "Welsh King" that kicked the ass of the Romans and his castle was not to far from Merthyr)

"In 1927 Robert H. Weale, the youngest son of Rhys Weale, convinced his son in law Alfred Jones to immigrate to Canada. They arrived in Quebec, Canada and headed west to the coal mines of Alberta. They found work in the mines and soon brought the families out. While many stayed behind, others that followed shortly were Thomas Rees, Patrick Mahoney, Jack Thomas and the Lloyds to only mention a few, along with their family members, friends and relatives. Although Robert (Bob) Weale never had music lessons he could play any instrument and started up bands where ever he went. Alfred Jones lived at #16 Plantation Square, Troedyrhiw. Robert Weale lived at #35 Wyndham street, Troedyrhiw. Are these houses still there? If so is it possible to get a picture of them ?.
I would be very interested if anyone can relate and add information to this story or the people involved....Thank You...Bob"

Bob ...Here are some 2009 Google street pics of Plantation Square and 35 Wyndham Street with the "very old" 'Sally Anne' next door
Salvation Army=Sally Anne in Canada.
I left Troedyrhiw for Canada in 1973..I lived at one time on Ash road..but the Google Camera Cars cannot get up between the toilets to take a pic of #14(your mention) ..Dammit..I have inadvertantly given the Town Council an idea for raising the taxes of the downtrodden..Do you think they would want Google's tel #....:-)

Ash Road..well there is only seven houses on Ash road now..(6 actually + thee Pub) unless of course Google is nuking places of Welsh Nationalist strategical interest..

Someone else on "Old Merthyr" was asking about Troedyrhiw's "Mount Zion" church which is/was up the little hill from 35 Wyndham Street to Cardiff road..Needless to say...Nah...you have a look:-)...Its on this same page:-)...Caractacus

Click Images for Enlargement of 3/4 to fullscreen

Plantation Square..Maybe a lone House??..Mouseover for info

Plantation Square..Very few houses still standing

Plan view of Plantation Square..See additional houses(fronting road/lane) in direction little robot man (LRM) is looking..Dynevor Pub at right of LRM..Mouseover for further info

Very nice frontage indeed...35 Wyndham Street

Just noticed the house number on the gabbage bin..Mouseover

35 Wyndham Street Troedyrhiw with street view showing house size differential. Number 35 is a little(very) more magnified that the rest of the street...note the mismatch of pavement curb in front of house

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Mount Zion comes crumbling down to be replaced by a professional gardener..Mouseover for alternate infor

Another image, but this time look at the plan view and relate the new houses built and the what appears to be the roof of this very big Mount Zion church as can be seen in other pic..Notice the WHITE VAN in BOTH pics...What Google is doing is superimposing the eight camera car images onto Google Earth otherwise the camera car is speeding around 600mph if one compares in the two pics the distance the WHITE VAN has moved(about 5 feet) and the 100+ feet the cameras car have travelled..Is the WHITE VAN parked illegally..Is this self incriminating from Google's viewpoint..Should Google be brought before the "Elders of Merthyr Council" and "encouraged" to provide financial relief for all penniless Churches and football clubs in the area and be persuaded to "modify"(not criminally of course) all images pertaining to British Petroleum and the Gulf...or should the "Elders" remove their "licence" permanently..Chinese style

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Old Merthyr Site
Re: Can someone help me with the name of this pub?
« Reply #14 Today at 4:34am » by Troedyrhiw...aka Caractacus

Kedgie...
I am sure that the Elders of Iron(Merthyr) passed a law many years ago prohibiting Pubs being built next to Church's and graveyards ....as I have scowered the nearby countryside of Pontstic and Merthyr and no triple heavenly places/areas have been detected.
However Kedgie,I have walked the streets with my 8 camera coal miners hat on and come up with two possiblenesses for your perusal...
Google Streetview stole their technology from my grandfather...a lowly paid coal miner from Treharris...Caractacus

addendum..Just read and tried QYGS1966's suggestion about the Red Lion..See first two pics.
Can you remember saying this Kedgie..in 2007.."I don't think so Jeff, I thought it was called the Red Lion, but I've looked that up and had no luck..I guess I could just drive out there next time I'm home and hope I don't get lost!"
..Do you think maybe Google is playing games with the Valley Religious Elders and transplanted the pub..on their maps..Maybe that is why my grandads idea didn't catch on in the 1800's..He would have preferred the "Red Dragon"...cos lions and cows are never red are they? :-))
The other couple of pubs below appear quite nice and friendly...but alas,no Church's or Synagogue or Graveyards nearby.:-))
"Talybont on Usk White Hart Inn"?? You mention something about ***** on/upon *****.

Click Images for Enlargement of 3/4 to fullscreen

Red Lion Pub with Church

Church and Graveyard next to Red Lion(hidden by trees)

Talybont on Usk White Hart Inn

Talybont on Usk White Hart Inn 2

Red Cow Inn Ponticelli above Merthyr 2

Red Cow Inn Ponticelli above Merthyr 1

Merthyr..Talybont and Llangynidr map

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Kabul 1970 and Kabul 2010
Kabul 1970 and Kabul 2010

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Still There

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Quarter of the Village of Troedyrhiw-2010In Anglo-Saxon 'Troedyrhiw'(Troy-der-rue) means 'Foot of the Hill'

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